योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-56, verse-13

अपर्यन्तस्य कालस्य कश्चिदंशः शरच्छतम् ।
तावन्मात्रमहाश्चर्यः किमर्थं सोऽनुधावति ॥ १३ ॥

aparyantasya kālasya kaścidaṃśaḥ śaracchatam ,
tāvanmātramahāścaryaḥ kimarthaṃ so'nudhāvati 13

13. aparyantasya kālasya kaścid aṃśaḥ śaracchataṃ
tāvanmātramahāścaryah kimarthaṃ saḥ anudhāvati

13. śaracchataṃ aparyantasya kālasya kaścid aṃśaḥ
tāvanmātramahāścaryah saḥ kimarthaṃ anudhāvati

13. A hundred years is but a fraction of endless time. Why does one, whose great wonder is confined to merely this much (brief span of life), still pursue (worldly objectives)?

Words meanings summery:

• अपर्यन्तस्य (aparyantasya) - of endless (of the endless, of the infinite)

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

• कश्चिद् (kaścid) - a certain, merely (someone, something, a certain)

• अंशः (aṁśaḥ) - portion, fraction (part, portion, share)

• शरच्छतं (śaracchataṁ) - a hundred years, a lifetime (a hundred autumns, a hundred years, a lifetime)

• तावन्मात्रमहाश्चर्यह् (tāvanmātramahāścaryah) - whose great wonder is confined to merely this much (brief span of life) (having only so much as a great wonder, whose great wonder is limited to only so much)

• किमर्थं (kimarthaṁ) - why (why, for what purpose)

• सः (saḥ) - one, he (the individual) (he, that)

• अनुधावति (anudhāvati) - pursues (worldly objectives) (pursues, follows, runs after)

Words meanings and morphology

अपर्यन्तस्य (aparyantasya) - of endless (of the endless, of the infinite)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aparyanta

aparyanta - endless, boundless, infinite

From a (negative prefix) + paryanta (boundary, end).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+paryanta)

• a – not, non-, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• paryanta – end, boundary, limit
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: ant (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kālasya.

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, black (as adjective)

Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Possessive, "of time".

कश्चिद् (kaścid) - a certain, merely (someone, something, a certain)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, something, a certain, some

From ka (who/what) + cit (enclitic particle).

Note: Qualifies aṃśaḥ.

अंशः (aṁśaḥ) - portion, fraction (part, portion, share)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṃśa

aṁśa - part, portion, share, degree

From root aṃś (to divide).

Root: aṃś (class 1)

Note: Subject.

शरच्छतं (śaracchataṁ) - a hundred years, a lifetime (a hundred autumns, a hundred years, a lifetime)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śaracchata

śaracchata - a hundred autumns, a hundred years, a lifetime

Compound: śarat (autumn) + śata (hundred). śarat is a season, often used to denote years.

Compound type : Dvigu (śarat+śata)

• śarat – autumn, year
  noun (feminine)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative.

तावन्मात्रमहाश्चर्यह् (tāvanmātramahāścaryah) - whose great wonder is confined to merely this much (brief span of life) (having only so much as a great wonder, whose great wonder is limited to only so much)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāvanmātramahāścarya

tāvanmātramahāścarya - whose great wonder is only so much, having only such a great wonder

Compound: tāvanmātra (only so much) + mahā (great) + āścarya (wonder).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (tāvanmātra+mahā+āścarya)

• tāvanmātra – only so much, merely that
  adjective
  From tāvat (so much) + mātra (only, merely).
• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• āścarya – wonder, surprise, marvel
  noun (neuter)
  Prefixes: ā+su
  Root: cary (class 1)

Note: Qualifies saḥ.

किमर्थं (kimarthaṁ) - why (why, for what purpose)

(indeclinable)

Compound: kim (what) + artha (purpose).

Note: Interrogative adverb.

सः (saḥ) - one, he (the individual) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of anudhāvati.

अनुधावति (anudhāvati) - pursues (worldly objectives) (pursues, follows, runs after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anudhāv

Present Active Indicative

From prefix anu + root dhāv (to run), Class 1 verb.

Prefix: anu

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Main verb.