योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-23, verse-40

दिनहंसानुसृतया निशेन्दीवरमालया ।
तारकेसरयाजस्रं चपलो वलयत्यलम् ॥ ४० ॥

dinahaṃsānusṛtayā niśendīvaramālayā ,
tārakesarayājasraṃ capalo valayatyalam 40

40. dina-haṃsa-anusṛtayā niśā-indīvara-mālayā
tāra-kesarayā ajasram capalaḥ valayati alam

40. capalaḥ ajasram alam valayati dina-haṃsa-anusṛtayā
niśā-indīvara-mālayā tāra-kesarayā

40. The restless one perpetually and fully encircles [the world] by means of the night, which is pursued by the day-swan (sun) and is like a garland of blue lotuses adorned with stars as its filaments.

Words meanings summery:

• दिन-हंस-अनुसृतया (dina-haṁsa-anusṛtayā) - by the night, which is followed by the sun (by the one followed by the day-swan (sun))

• निशा-इन्दीवर-मालया (niśā-indīvara-mālayā) - by the night, which is like a garland of blue lotuses (by the night's garland of blue lotuses, by a night-garland of blue lotuses)

• तार-केसरया (tāra-kesarayā) - by the night, which has stars as its filaments (by the one having stars as filaments, by star-filaments)

• अजस्रम् (ajasram) - constantly, perpetually, incessantly

• चपलः (capalaḥ) - the restless one (referring to an agent of perpetual change like time or fate, or even the moon) (fickle, restless, agitated, swift, light; the moon, time)

• वलयति (valayati) - he/she/it encircles, encompasses, revolves, turns

• अलम् (alam) - fully, completely (enough, sufficient, exceedingly, completely, indeed)

Words meanings and morphology

दिन-हंस-अनुसृतया (dina-haṁsa-anusṛtayā) - by the night, which is followed by the sun (by the one followed by the day-swan (sun))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dina-haṃsa-anusṛta

dina-haṁsa-anusṛta - followed by the day-swan

Past Passive Participle (for anusṛta)

Compound (Bahuvrīhi) describing the night. 'anusṛta' is from 'anu-sṛ' (to follow) + kta suffix.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dina+haṃsa+anusṛta)

• dina – day
  noun (neuter)
• haṃsa – swan, gander, sun, a spiritual teacher
  noun (masculine)
• anusṛta – followed, pursued, accompanied
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root 'sṛ' (to go, move) with prefix 'anu' (after, along).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied 'night' (niśā).

निशा-इन्दीवर-मालया (niśā-indīvara-mālayā) - by the night, which is like a garland of blue lotuses (by the night's garland of blue lotuses, by a night-garland of blue lotuses)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of niśā-indīvara-mālā

niśā-indīvara-mālā - night-garland of blue lotuses

Compound (Tatpuruṣa) where 'niśā' describes 'indīvara-mālā'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (niśā+indīvara-mālā)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• indīvara-mālā – garland of blue lotuses
  noun (feminine)
  Compound of 'indīvara' (blue lotus) and 'mālā' (garland).

तार-केसरया (tāra-kesarayā) - by the night, which has stars as its filaments (by the one having stars as filaments, by star-filaments)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tāra-kesarā

tāra-kesarā - having stars as filaments

Compound (Bahuvrīhi) where stars (tāra) are the filaments (kesara).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (tāra+kesara)

• tāra – star
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• kesara – filament, stamen, hair of a mane
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies an implied 'night' (niśā).

अजस्रम् (ajasram) - constantly, perpetually, incessantly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

चपलः (capalaḥ) - the restless one (referring to an agent of perpetual change like time or fate, or even the moon) (fickle, restless, agitated, swift, light; the moon, time)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of capala

capala - fickle, restless, agitated, swift, light, unsteady

वलयति (valayati) - he/she/it encircles, encompasses, revolves, turns

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of val

Causative present active 3rd person singular

Root 'val' (1A, 10U) with causative suffix 'i', present indicative, 3rd singular active.

Root: val (class 1)

अलम् (alam) - fully, completely (enough, sufficient, exceedingly, completely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.