वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-72, verse-31

स गत्वा दूरमध्वानं सौमित्रिर्मित्रनन्दनः ।
राक्षसेन्द्रबलं दूरादपश्यद्व्यूहमास्थितम् ॥३१॥

31. sa gatvā dūramadhvānaṃ saumitrirmitranandanaḥ ,
rākṣasendrabalaṃ dūrādapaśyadvyūhamāsthitam.

31. saḥ gatvā dūram adhvānam saumitriḥ mitranandanaḥ
rākṣasendra-balam dūrāt apaśyat vyūham āsthitam

31. saḥ saumitriḥ mitranandanaḥ dūram adhvānam gatvā
dūrāt rākṣasendra-balam āsthitam vyūham apaśyat

31. Having gone a long distance, Lakṣmaṇa, the delight of his friends, saw from afar the army of the king of rākṣasas (demons), arrayed in battle formation.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (referring to Lakṣmaṇa) (he, that)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• दूरम् (dūram) - a long distance (far, distant, a long distance)

• अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - a distance (path, road, journey, distance)

• सौमित्रिः (saumitriḥ) - Lakṣmaṇa (son of Sumitrā, Lakṣmaṇa)

• मित्रनन्दनः (mitranandanaḥ) - the delight of his friends (delight of friends, gladdener of friends)

• राक्षसेन्द्र-बलम् (rākṣasendra-balam) - the army of the king of rākṣasas (demons) (army of the king of rākṣasas)

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar (from far, from a distance)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (saw, beheld)

• व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle formation (array, battle formation, arrangement)

• आस्थितम् (āsthitam) - arrayed (in formation) (standing, situated, arrayed, formed)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (referring to Lakṣmaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from root gam (1st class) with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: This is an absolutive (gerund), indicating an action completed before the main verb.

दूरम् (dūram) - a long distance (far, distant, a long distance)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dūra

dūra - far, distant

Note: Used adverbially here to mean 'a long distance'.

अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - a distance (path, road, journey, distance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - path, road, way, journey, distance

Note: Object of the implied verb 'going'.

सौमित्रिः (saumitriḥ) - Lakṣmaṇa (son of Sumitrā, Lakṣmaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitrā

patronymic from Sumitrā

Note: Refers to Lakṣmaṇa.

मित्रनन्दनः (mitranandanaḥ) - the delight of his friends (delight of friends, gladdener of friends)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitranandana

mitranandana - delight of friends, gladdener of friends

Compound type : tatpurusha (mitra+nandana)

• mitra – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)
• nandana – delighting, gladdening; a son; delight
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Lakṣmaṇa.

राक्षसेन्द्र-बलम् (rākṣasendra-balam) - the army of the king of rākṣasas (demons) (army of the king of rākṣasas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rākṣasendra-bala

rākṣasendra-bala - army of the king of rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+indra+bala)

• rākṣasa – a rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king (as a suffix)
  noun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, army, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar (from far, from a distance)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active Third Person Singular

Imperfect tense, from root dṛś (pashyati form in present tense), 3rd class, Parasmaipada

Root: dṛś (class 3)

व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle formation (array, battle formation, arrangement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - arrangement, disposition, array, battle-array

from vi-uh (to arrange, dispose)

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the formation of the army.

आस्थितम् (āsthitam) - arrayed (in formation) (standing, situated, arrayed, formed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - situated, placed, standing, arrayed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vyūham'.