वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-38, verse-7

वैधव्यं यान्ति यैर्नार्यो ऽलक्षणैर्भाग्यदुर्लभाः ।
नात्मनस्तानि पश्यामि पश्यन्ती हतलक्षणा ॥७॥

7. vaidhavyaṃ yānti yairnāryo'lakṣaṇairbhāgyadurlabhāḥ ,
nātmanastāni paśyāmi paśyantī hatalakṣaṇā.

7. vaidhavyaṃ yānti yaiḥ nāryaḥ alakṣaṇaiḥ bhāgyadurlabhāḥ
na ātmanaḥ tāni paśyāmi paśyantī hatalakṣaṇā

7. yaiḥ alakṣaṇaiḥ bhāgyadurlabhāḥ nāryaḥ vaidhavyaṃ yānti,
hatalakṣaṇā paśyantī ātmanaḥ tāni na paśyāmi

7. The inauspicious marks by which unfortunate women experience widowhood—those I do not see upon my own self (ātman), even though I am one whose auspicious signs are lost.

Words meanings summery:

• वैधव्यम् (vaidhavyam) - widowhood, state of being a widow

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they attain, they experience, they suffer

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (inauspicious marks) (by which, by whom)

• नार्यः (nāryaḥ) - women

• अलक्षणैः (alakṣaṇaiḥ) - by inauspicious marks, by bad signs, by lacking marks

• भाग्यदुर्लभाः (bhāgyadurlabhāḥ) - unfortunate, deprived of good fortune, hard to obtain fortune

• न (na) - not, no

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - upon my own self (ātman) (of the self, of myself, on the self)

• तानि (tāni) - those (inauspicious marks) (those)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

• पश्यन्ती (paśyantī) - seeing, while seeing

• हतलक्षणा (hatalakṣaṇā) - I, whose auspicious signs are lost (one whose auspicious marks are destroyed/lost, unlucky, deprived of auspicious signs)

Words meanings and morphology

वैधव्यम् (vaidhavyam) - widowhood, state of being a widow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaidhavya

vaidhavya - widowhood, state of being a widow

Neuter accusative singular. Derived from vidhavā (widow).

Note: Object of 'yānti'.

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they attain, they experience, they suffer

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of yā

Present 3rd plural

From root yā (to go). Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (parasmaipada).

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (inauspicious marks) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter instrumental plural. Refers to 'alakṣaṇaiḥ'.

Note: Refers to 'alakṣaṇaiḥ'.

नार्यः (nāryaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nārī

nārī - woman, female, wife

Feminine nominative plural. Synonym of 'strī'.

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of the verb.

अलक्षणैः (alakṣaṇaiḥ) - by inauspicious marks, by bad signs, by lacking marks

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of alakṣaṇa

alakṣaṇa - lacking marks, inauspicious sign, uncharacteristic

Neuter/masculine instrumental plural. Formed from 'a' (not) + 'lakṣaṇa' (mark, sign).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+lakṣaṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)
  From root lakṣ (to mark, to observe).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Refers to bad omens or bodily marks.

भाग्यदुर्लभाः (bhāgyadurlabhāḥ) - unfortunate, deprived of good fortune, hard to obtain fortune

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhāgyadurlabhā

bhāgyadurlabhā - unfortunate, deprived of good fortune

Feminine nominative plural. Compound: 'bhāgya' (fortune) + 'durlabha' (hard to obtain, unlucky).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhāgya+durlabha)

• bhāgya – fortune, destiny, luck
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root bhaj (to divide, obtain).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• durlabha – difficult to obtain, rare, unlucky
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From prefix dur- (bad, difficult) and root labh (to obtain).
  Prefix: dur
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nāryaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable negative particle.

Note: Negates 'paśyāmi'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - upon my own self (ātman) (of the self, of myself, on the self)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Masculine genitive/ablative singular.

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to the speaker's own self.

तानि (tāni) - those (inauspicious marks) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Neuter nominative/accusative plural. Refers to 'alakṣaṇaiḥ' (inauspicious marks).

Note: Refers to the inauspicious marks.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of paśy

Present 1st singular

From root dṛś (to see), with present stem paśy. Present tense, 1st person singular, active voice (parasmaipada).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

पश्यन्ती (paśyantī) - seeing, while seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paśyant

paśyant - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see), present active participle. Feminine nominative singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Participle qualifying the implied 'I'.

हतलक्षणा (hatalakṣaṇā) - I, whose auspicious signs are lost (one whose auspicious marks are destroyed/lost, unlucky, deprived of auspicious signs)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hatalakṣaṇā

hatalakṣaṇā - one whose marks are destroyed, unlucky, deprived of auspicious signs

Feminine nominative singular. Compound: 'hata' (destroyed) + 'lakṣaṇa' (mark).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+lakṣaṇa)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)
  From root lakṣ (to mark, to observe).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'I'.