वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-38, verse-24

न हि कोपपरीतानि हर्षपर्युत्सुकानि च ।
भवन्ति युधि योधानां मुखानि निहते पतौ ॥२४॥

24. na hi kopaparītāni harṣaparyutsukāni ca ,
bhavanti yudhi yodhānāṃ mukhāni nihate patau.

24. na hi kopaparītāni harṣaparyutsukāni ca
bhavanti yudhi yodhānām mukhāni nihate patau

24. hi yudhi yodhānām mukhāni nihate patau na
kopaparītāni harṣaparyutsukāni ca bhavanti

24. Indeed, in battle, the faces of warriors are not filled with anger and eager with joy when their leader is slain.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• कोपपरीतानि (kopaparītāni) - filled with anger (filled with anger, overcome with rage)

• हर्षपर्युत्सुकानि (harṣaparyutsukāni) - eager with joy (eager with joy, excited by delight)

• च (ca) - and

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become (they are, they become)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of warriors (of warriors, of fighters)

• मुखानि (mukhāni) - faces (faces, mouths, fronts)

• निहते (nihate) - when slain (when slain, having been killed)

• पतौ (patau) - when their leader (in the lord, on the master, when the lord)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कोपपरीतानि (kopaparītāni) - filled with anger (filled with anger, overcome with rage)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kopaparīta

kopaparīta - overcome by anger, filled with rage

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kopa+parīta)

• kopa – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kup (class 4)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, overcome
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pari-i
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies mukhāni.

हर्षपर्युत्सुकानि (harṣaparyutsukāni) - eager with joy (eager with joy, excited by delight)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of harṣaparyutsuka

harṣaparyutsuka - greatly excited by joy, eager with delight

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (harṣa+paryutsuka)

• harṣa – joy, delight, excitement
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)
• paryutsuka – very eager, anxious, agitated, restless
  adjective
  From pari-ut-suc
  Prefixes: pari+ut
  Root: suc (class 1)

Note: Modifies mukhāni.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become (they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense plural form of root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is mukhāni.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Locative singular of yudh (feminine noun)

Root: yudh (class 4)

योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of warriors (of warriors, of fighters)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Possessive, governing mukhāni.

मुखानि (mukhāni) - faces (faces, mouths, fronts)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front, opening

Note: Subject of bhavanti.

निहते (nihate) - when slain (when slain, having been killed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

From ni-han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Locative absolute construction with patau.

पतौ (patau) - when their leader (in the lord, on the master, when the lord)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, chief, leader

Note: Locative absolute construction with nihate. Refers to the commander (Rāma).