वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-38, verse-26

हतवीरप्रधाना हि हतोत्साहा निरुद्यमा ।
सेना भ्रमति संख्येषु हतकर्णेव नौर्जले ॥२६॥

26. hatavīrapradhānā hi hatotsāhā nirudyamā ,
senā bhramati saṃkhyeṣu hatakarṇeva naurjale.

26. hata-vīra-pradhānā hi hata-utsāhā nir-udyamā
senā bhramati saṃkhyeṣu hata-karṇā iva nauḥ jale

26. hi hata-vīra-pradhānā hata-utsāhā nir-udyamā
senā saṃkhyeṣu bhramati hata-karṇā nauḥ jale iva

26. Indeed, an army whose chief warriors are slain, whose enthusiasm is crushed, and which is devoid of enterprise, flounders in battles just like a boat with a broken rudder flounders in water.

Words meanings summery:

• हत-वीर-प्रधाना (hata-vīra-pradhānā) - whose chief warriors are slain

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

• हत-उत्साहा (hata-utsāhā) - whose enthusiasm is destroyed, disheartened

• निर्-उद्यमा (nir-udyamā) - without effort, without enterprise, inactive

• सेना (senā) - army, host

• भ्रमति (bhramati) - wanders, roams, flounders

• संख्येषु (saṁkhyeṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

• हत-कर्णा (hata-karṇā) - whose rudder is destroyed, with a broken rudder

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• नौः (nauḥ) - boat, ship

• जले (jale) - in water

Words meanings and morphology

हत-वीर-प्रधाना (hata-vīra-pradhānā) - whose chief warriors are slain

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hata-vīra-pradhāna

hata-vīra-pradhāna - whose chief heroes are killed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+vīra+pradhāna)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• vīra – hero, warrior, brave
  noun (masculine)
• pradhāna – chief, principal, important
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'senā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

(indeclinable)

हत-उत्साहा (hata-utsāhā) - whose enthusiasm is destroyed, disheartened

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hata-utsāha

hata-utsāha - whose enthusiasm is destroyed, disheartened

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+utsāha)

• hata – slain, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'han'.
  Root: han (class 2)
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, effort
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'ud' + 'sah' (to endure).
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'senā'.

निर्-उद्यमा (nir-udyamā) - without effort, without enterprise, inactive

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nir-udyama

nir-udyama - without effort, inactive

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+udyama)

• nis – without, out
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• udyama – effort, exertion, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'ud' + 'yam' (to strive).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'senā'.

सेना (senā) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host

Note: Subject of 'bhramati'.

भ्रमति (bhramati) - wanders, roams, flounders

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhram

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: bhram (class 1)

संख्येषु (saṁkhyeṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, combat, war

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā

हत-कर्णा (hata-karṇā) - whose rudder is destroyed, with a broken rudder

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hata-karṇa

hata-karṇa - whose rudder is broken/destroyed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+karṇa)

• hata – slain, destroyed, broken
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'han'.
  Root: han (class 2)
• karṇa – ear; helm, rudder (of a ship)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'nauḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates simile.

नौः (nauḥ) - boat, ship

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

जले (jale) - in water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water