वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-3, verse-30

करालान्भुग्नवक्त्रांश्च विकटान् वामनांस्तथा ।
धन्विनः खड्गिनश्चैव शतघ्नी मुसलायुधान् ।
परिघोत्तमहस्तांश्च विचित्रकवचोज्ज्वलान् ॥३०॥

30. karālānbhugnavaktrāṃśca vikaṭān vāmanāṃstathā ,
dhanvinaḥ khaḍginaścaiva śataghnī musalāyudhān ,
parighottamahastāṃśca vicitrakavacojjvalān.

30. karālān bhugnavaktrān ca vikaṭān
vāmanān tathā dhanvinaḥ khaḍginaḥ ca
eva śataghnī musalāyudhān
parighottamahastān ca vicitrakavacojjvalān

30. karālān bhugnavaktrān ca vikaṭān
vāmanān tathā dhanvinaḥ khaḍginaḥ ca
eva śataghnī musalāyudhān
parighottamahastān ca vicitrakavacojjvalān

30. He saw dreadful beings, those with contorted faces, monstrous ones, and also dwarfs. He saw archers, swordsmen, those wielding `śataghnī` weapons and maces, and those holding excellent clubs, shining with diverse and splendid armor.

Words meanings summery:

• करालान् (karālān) - dreadful ones, terrible ones

• भुग्नवक्त्रान् (bhugnavaktrān) - those with contorted faces, broken-faced ones

• च (ca) - and

• विकटान् (vikaṭān) - monstrous ones, huge ones, deformed ones

• वामनान् (vāmanān) - dwarfs, short-statured ones

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, likewise

• धन्विनः (dhanvinaḥ) - archers, bowmen

• खड्गिनः (khaḍginaḥ) - swordsmen, those with swords

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, also

• शतघ्नी (śataghnī) - a `śataghnī` (weapon, a killer of hundreds)

• मुसलायुधान् (musalāyudhān) - those wielding maces as weapons

• परिघोत्तमहस्तान् (parighottamahastān) - those holding excellent clubs in their hands

• च (ca) - and

• विचित्रकवचोज्ज्वलान् (vicitrakavacojjvalān) - shining with varied and wonderful armor

Words meanings and morphology

करालान् (karālān) - dreadful ones, terrible ones

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of karāla

karāla - dreadful, formidable, terrible, fierce

भुग्नवक्त्रान् (bhugnavaktrān) - those with contorted faces, broken-faced ones

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhugnavaktra

bhugnavaktra - having a bent or contorted face

Bahuvrihi compound meaning 'having bent faces'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhugna+vaktra)

• bhugna – bent, broken, contorted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √bhuj (to bend) with the suffix -ta.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)
• vaktra – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विकटान् (vikaṭān) - monstrous ones, huge ones, deformed ones

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vikaṭa

vikaṭa - monstrous, huge, formidable, ugly, deformed

वामनान् (vāmanān) - dwarfs, short-statured ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāmana

vāmana - dwarf, short, a person of short stature

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, likewise

(indeclinable)

धन्विनः (dhanvinaḥ) - archers, bowmen

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, bowman, possessing a bow

From 'dhanus' (bow) + '-in' (possessive suffix).

Note: The form dhanvinaḥ can be nominative plural or accusative plural for masculine i-stem nouns. Context here requires accusative plural.

खड्गिनः (khaḍginaḥ) - swordsmen, those with swords

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of khaḍgin

khaḍgin - swordsman, possessing a sword

From 'khaḍga' (sword) + '-in' (possessive suffix).

Note: The form khaḍginaḥ can be nominative plural or accusative plural for masculine i-stem nouns. Context here requires accusative plural.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, also

(indeclinable)

शतघ्नी (śataghnī) - a `śataghnī` (weapon, a killer of hundreds)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śataghnī

śataghnī - a weapon or engine of war (literally 'killer of hundreds'), a sort of mace or catapult

Derived from 'śata' (hundred) and 'han' (to strike/kill).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śata+ghna)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• ghna – killer, slayer, striking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from the root √han (to strike, kill) with a kṛt suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: The form śataghnī can be nominative singular or accusative singular for feminine ī-stem nouns. Context here implies it's an object being wielded, therefore accusative singular.

मुसलायुधान् (musalāyudhān) - those wielding maces as weapons

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of musalāyudha

musalāyudha - having maces as weapons, mace-wielding

Bahuvrihi compound meaning 'whose weapons are maces'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (musala+āyudha)

• musala – mace, club, pestle
  noun (masculine)
• āyudha – weapon, implement, tool
  noun (neuter)

परिघोत्तमहस्तान् (parighottamahastān) - those holding excellent clubs in their hands

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parighottamahasta

parighottamahasta - having excellent clubs in their hands

Bahuvrihi compound: 'parigha' (club) + 'uttama' (excellent) + 'hasta' (hand).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (parigha+uttama+hasta)

• parigha – an iron club or bar, bolt of a door
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – excellent, best, supreme, highest
  adjective (masculine)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विचित्रकवचोज्ज्वलान् (vicitrakavacojjvalān) - shining with varied and wonderful armor

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vicitrakavacojjvala

vicitrakavacojjvala - shining with various and wondrous armor

Bahuvrihi compound: 'vicitra' (varied) + 'kavaca' (armor) + 'ujjvala' (shining).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vicitra+kavaca+ujjvala)

• vicitra – various, variegated, wonderful, splendid
  adjective
• kavaca – armor, mail, cuirass
  noun (masculine)
• ujjvala – shining, radiant, brilliant
  adjective
  Adjective derived from verbal root
  Derived from the root √jval (to shine) with prefix 'ud-'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: jval (class 1)