वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-3, verse-19

तां नष्टतिमिरां दीपैर्भास्वरैश्च महागृहैः ।
नगरीं राक्षसेन्द्रस्य ददर्श स महाकपिः ॥१९॥

19. tāṃ naṣṭatimirāṃ dīpairbhāsvaraiśca mahāgṛhaiḥ ,
nagarīṃ rākṣasendrasya dadarśa sa mahākapiḥ.

19. tām naṣṭatimirām dīpaiḥ bhāsvaraiḥ ca mahāgṛhaiḥ
nagarīm rākṣasendrasya dadarśa saḥ mahākapiḥ

19. saḥ mahākapiḥ rākṣasendrasya tām nagarīm
naṣṭatimirām dīpaiḥ bhāsvaraiḥ ca mahāgṛhaiḥ dadarśa

19. That great monkey (Hanuman) saw that city of the lord of Rākṣasas, its darkness dispelled by resplendent lamps and grand mansions.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (city) (her, that)

• नष्टतिमिराम् (naṣṭatimirām) - having darkness dispelled

• दीपैः (dīpaiḥ) - by lamps

• भास्वरैः (bhāsvaraiḥ) - by shining, by resplendent

• च (ca) - and, also

• महागृहैः (mahāgṛhaiḥ) - by great houses, by grand mansions

• नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city

• राक्षसेन्द्रस्य (rākṣasendrasya) - of Rāvaṇa (of the lord of Rākṣasas)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• सः (saḥ) - that (Hanuman) (he, that)

• महाकपिः (mahākapiḥ) - Hanuman (great monkey)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (city) (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Refers to the city (nagarī)

नष्टतिमिराम् (naṣṭatimirām) - having darkness dispelled

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of naṣṭatimira

naṣṭatimira - with darkness dispelled, free from darkness

Compound adjective: naṣṭa-timira

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+timira)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, vanished, dispelled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √naś (to perish, be lost).
  Root: naś (class 4)
• timira – darkness, gloom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with 'nagarīm'

दीपैः (dīpaiḥ) - by lamps

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light, lantern

From root √dīp (to shine).

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Agent by which darkness is dispelled

भास्वरैः (bhāsvaraiḥ) - by shining, by resplendent

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhāsvara

bhāsvara - shining, bright, resplendent

From root √bhās (to shine).

Root: bhās (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dīpaiḥ'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'dīpaiḥ' and 'mahāgṛhaiḥ'

महागृहैः (mahāgṛhaiḥ) - by great houses, by grand mansions

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mahāgṛha

mahāgṛha - large house, grand mansion, palace

Compound: mahat + gṛha

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+gṛha)

• mahā – great, large, grand
  adjective
• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent by which darkness is dispelled

नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'

राक्षसेन्द्रस्य (rākṣasendrasya) - of Rāvaṇa (of the lord of Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - chief of Rākṣasas, lord of demons

Compound: rākṣasa + indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – Rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect active

From root √dṛś, reduplicated.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'mahākapiḥ'

सः (saḥ) - that (Hanuman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Hanuman

महाकपिः (mahākapiḥ) - Hanuman (great monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahākapi

mahākapi - great monkey, a great ape

Compound: mahat + kapi

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kapi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'dadarśa'