वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-66, verse-42

निःश्वसद्भिस्तदा तैस्तु भुजगैरर्धनिःसृतैः ।
सपताक इवाभाति स तदा धरणीधरः ॥४२॥

42. niḥśvasadbhistadā taistu bhujagairardhaniḥsṛtaiḥ ,
sapatāka ivābhāti sa tadā dharaṇīdharaḥ.

42. niḥśvasadbhiḥ tadā taiḥ tu bhujagaiḥ ardhaniḥsṛtaiḥ
sapatākaḥ iva ābhāti saḥ tadā dharaṇīdharaḥ

42. tadā saḥ dharaṇīdharaḥ taiḥ tu ardhaniḥsṛtaiḥ
niḥśvasadbhiḥ bhujagaiḥ sapatākaḥ iva ābhāti

42. Then, that mountain (dharaṇīdhara) appeared as if adorned with banners, because of those half-emerged serpents which were hissing.

Words meanings summery:

• निःश्वसद्भिः (niḥśvasadbhiḥ) - by those hissing, by those breathing out

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भुजगैः (bhujagaiḥ) - by serpents

• अर्धनिःसृतैः (ardhaniḥsṛtaiḥ) - by those half-emerged

• सपताकः (sapatākaḥ) - with flags, having banners, adorned with banners

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• आभाति (ābhāti) - appears, shines, seems

• सः (saḥ) - that, he, it

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• धरणीधरः (dharaṇīdharaḥ) - mountain (lit. earth-holder)

Words meanings and morphology

निःश्वसद्भिः (niḥśvasadbhiḥ) - by those hissing, by those breathing out

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - hissing, breathing out, sighing

Present Active Participle

Derived from niḥ-√śvas (to hiss, breathe out).

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying 'bhujagaiḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'bhujagaiḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis or contrast.

भुजगैः (bhujagaiḥ) - by serpents

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhujaga

bhujaga - serpent, snake (lit. 'moving on its arm/shoulder')

Compound type : upapada (bhuja+ga)

• bhuja – arm, hand, shoulder
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, moving on/in
  adjective
  Agent Noun suffix
  Derived from root √gam (to go) with 'ḍa' suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

अर्धनिःसृतैः (ardhaniḥsṛtaiḥ) - by those half-emerged

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ardhaniḥsṛta

ardhaniḥsṛta - half-emerged, half-issued forth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+niḥsṛta)

• ardha – half, a part, portion
  noun (masculine)
• niḥsṛta – emerged, issued forth, gone out
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from niḥ-√sṛ (to issue, come forth).
  Prefix: nis
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'bhujagaiḥ'.

सपताकः (sapatākaḥ) - with flags, having banners, adorned with banners

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sapatāka

sapatāka - with flags, having banners

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+patākā)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• patākā – banner, flag, standard
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the mountain.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

आभाति (ābhāti) - appears, shines, seems

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhā

Present Active

Root verb bhā, 2nd conjugation, present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: bhā (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - that, he, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mountain 'dharaṇīdharaḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

धरणीधरः (dharaṇīdharaḥ) - mountain (lit. earth-holder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharaṇīdhara

dharaṇīdhara - mountain, earth-holder, king

Compound type : upapada (dharaṇī+dhara)

• dharaṇī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – holding, bearing, supporting
  adjective
  Agent Noun suffix
  Derived from root √dhṛ (to hold, support) with 'a' suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: The main subject noun of the sentence.