वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-52, verse-28

एतच्छ्रुत्वा कुमारेण युवराजेन भाषितम् ।
सर्वे ते वानरश्रेष्ठाः करुणं वाक्यमब्रुवन् ॥२८॥

28. etacchrutvā kumāreṇa yuvarājena bhāṣitam ,
sarve te vānaraśreṣṭhāḥ karuṇaṃ vākyamabruvan.

28. etat śrutvā kumāreṇa yuvarājena bhāṣitam |
sarve te vānaraśreṣṭhāḥ karuṇam vākyam abruvan

28. kumāreṇa yuvarājena etat bhāṣitam śrutvā
sarve te vānaraśreṣṭhāḥ karuṇam vākyam abruvan

28. After hearing these words spoken by the prince, the heir apparent, all those excellent monkeys uttered a pitiable statement.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - these words/statement (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• कुमारेण (kumāreṇa) - by Angada, the prince (by the prince, by the boy)

• युवराजेन (yuvarājena) - by Angada, the crown prince (by the crown prince, by the heir apparent)

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, said

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• ते (te) - those

• वानरश्रेष्ठाः (vānaraśreṣṭhāḥ) - excellent monkeys, best of monkeys

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteous, sad, mournful

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, speech, word

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - these words/statement (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the preceding statement (verse 119393).

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

कुमारेण (kumāreṇa) - by Angada, the prince (by the prince, by the boy)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'bhāṣitam'.

युवराजेन (yuvarājena) - by Angada, the crown prince (by the crown prince, by the heir apparent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yuvarāja

yuvarāja - crown prince, heir apparent

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (yuvan+rāja)

• yuvan – young, youth
  adjective (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for 'kumāreṇa'.

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, said

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said, speech

Past Passive Participle

From root bhāṣ (to speak)

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'etat'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'vānaraśreṣṭhāḥ'.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'vānaraśreṣṭhāḥ'.

वानरश्रेष्ठाः (vānaraśreṣṭhāḥ) - excellent monkeys, best of monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānaraśreṣṭha

vānaraśreṣṭha - best among monkeys

Compound type : tatpurusha (vānara+śreṣṭha)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree from praśasta (excellent)

Note: Subject of 'abruvan'.

करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteous, sad, mournful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karuṇa

karuṇa - pitiable, sad, compassionate, pathetic

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, speech, word

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abruvan'.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Root: bru (class 2)