वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-52, verse-21

तस्मिन्नतीते काले तु सुग्रीवेण कृते स्वयम् ।
प्रायोपवेशनं युक्तं सर्वेषां च वनौकसाम् ॥२१॥

21. tasminnatīte kāle tu sugrīveṇa kṛte svayam ,
prāyopaveśanaṃ yuktaṃ sarveṣāṃ ca vanaukasām.

21. tasmin atīte kāle tu sugrīveṇa kṛte svayam
prāyopaveśanam yuktam sarveṣām ca vanaukasām

21. tu sugrīveṇa svayam kṛte tasmin kāle atīte,
sarveṣām vanaukasām ca prāyopaveśanam yuktam

21. But that stipulated time, set by Sugrīva himself, having passed, a fast unto death (prāyopaveśana) is appropriate for all of us forest-dwellers (vanaukasaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (time) (in that, on that)

• अतीते (atīte) - having passed, elapsed (passed, gone, elapsed)

• काले (kāle) - the time (having passed) (in time, at the proper time)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• सुग्रीवेण (sugrīveṇa) - by Sugrīva

• कृते (kṛte) - (having been) fixed (for the time) (done, made, performed, (having been) fixed)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, by oneself, personally)

• प्रायोपवेशनम् (prāyopaveśanam) - a fast unto death (prāyopaveśana) (fast unto death, sitting down to die)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - appropriate (proper, suitable, appropriate, joined)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - for all (of us) (of all, for all)

• च (ca) - and (also) (and, also, moreover)

• वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of us forest-dwellers (vanaukasaḥ) (of forest-dwellers, of monkeys)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (time) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Agrees with 'kāle'. Part of a locative absolute construction.

अतीते (atīte) - having passed, elapsed (passed, gone, elapsed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of atīta

atīta - passed, gone by, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

From root √i with prefix ati-

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kāle'. Part of a locative absolute construction.

काले (kāle) - the time (having passed) (in time, at the proper time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Governs the locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

सुग्रीवेण (sugrīveṇa) - by Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (name of the monkey king)

Literally 'beautiful-necked'

Note: Refers to the monkey king.

कृते (kṛte) - (having been) fixed (for the time) (done, made, performed, (having been) fixed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, by oneself, personally)

(indeclinable)

Self-referential indeclinable

Note: Adverb modifying 'kṛte'.

प्रायोपवेशनम् (prāyopaveśanam) - a fast unto death (prāyopaveśana) (fast unto death, sitting down to die)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāyopaveśana

prāyopaveśana - fast unto death, sitting down to die

Compound: prāya (approaching death) + upaveśana (sitting down)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāya+upaveśana)

• prāya – approach, resorting to, near death
  noun (masculine)
  From pra- √i
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)
• upaveśana – sitting down, performance (of a ritual)
  noun (neuter)
  From upa- √viś
  Prefix: upa
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'yuktam'.

युक्तम् (yuktam) - appropriate (proper, suitable, appropriate, joined)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, fitted, proper, suitable, engaged

Past Passive Participle

From root √yuj (to join, apply, engage)

Root: yuj (class 7)

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - for all (of us) (of all, for all)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Expresses possession or relation: 'for all of the forest-dwellers'.

च (ca) - and (also) (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of us forest-dwellers (vanaukasaḥ) (of forest-dwellers, of monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, inhabitant of a forest, monkey

Compound: vana (forest) + okas (dwelling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, abode, home
  noun (neuter)
  From √uc
  Root: uc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'sarveṣām'.