वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-36, verse-23

फलमूलेन जीवन्तो हिमवन्तमुपाश्रिताः ।
तेषां कोटिसहस्राणां सहस्रं समवर्तत ॥२३॥

23. phalamūlena jīvanto himavantamupāśritāḥ ,
teṣāṃ koṭisahasrāṇāṃ sahasraṃ samavartata.

23. phalamūlena jīvantaḥ himavantam upāśritāḥ
teṣām koṭisahasrāṇām sahasram samavartata

23. phalamūlena jīvantaḥ himavantam upāśritāḥ
teṣām koṭisahasrāṇām sahasram samavartata

23. Dwelling in the Himalayas and subsisting on fruits and roots, thousands upon thousands of ten millions (crores) of them assembled.

Words meanings summery:

• फलमूलेन (phalamūlena) - by subsisting on fruits and roots (by fruits and roots)

• जीवन्तः (jīvantaḥ) - living (on fruits and roots) (living, subsisting)

• हिमवन्तम् (himavantam) - to the Himalayas (to Himavat, to the Himalayas)

• उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - dwelled in (the Himalayas) (resorted to, taken refuge in, dwelled in)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the monkeys) (of them, their)

• कोटिसहस्राणाम् (koṭisahasrāṇām) - of ten million thousands (of beings) (of crores of thousands, of ten million thousands)

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (referring to a large number of the previously mentioned group) (a thousand, a multitude)

• समवर्तत (samavartata) - assembled (in large numbers) (assembled, gathered, existed, occurred)

Words meanings and morphology

फलमूलेन (phalamūlena) - by subsisting on fruits and roots (by fruits and roots)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of phalamūla

phalamūla - fruits and roots, edible roots and fruits

Compound type : dvandva (phala+mūla)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental singular of the neuter compound noun phalamūla, meaning 'by means of fruits and roots'.

जीवन्तः (jīvantaḥ) - living (on fruits and roots) (living, subsisting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

present active participle

From root jīv (class 1, 'to live').

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative plural of the present active participle jīvat.

हिमवन्तम् (himavantam) - to the Himalayas (to Himavat, to the Himalayas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of himavat

himavat - Himavat, the Himalayas (personified as a mountain range or its deity)

Note: Masculine accusative singular of himavat.

उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - dwelled in (the Himalayas) (resorted to, taken refuge in, dwelled in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāśrita

upāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, dwelled in

past passive participle

Formed from upa + ā (upasargas) + root śri (class 1, 'to resort to, seek refuge').

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative plural of the past passive participle upāśrita.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the monkeys) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Masculine genitive plural of the pronoun tad.

कोटिसहस्राणाम् (koṭisahasrāṇām) - of ten million thousands (of beings) (of crores of thousands, of ten million thousands)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of koṭisahasra

koṭisahasra - a thousand crores (ten million x one thousand = ten billion), countless numbers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (koṭi+sahasra)

• koṭi – crore (ten million), point, end, multitude
  noun (feminine)
• sahasra – thousand, multitude
  noun (neuter)

Note: Neuter genitive plural of the compound noun koṭisahasra.

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (referring to a large number of the previously mentioned group) (a thousand, a multitude)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - thousand, multitude

Note: Neuter nominative singular of sahasra.

समवर्तत (samavartata) - assembled (in large numbers) (assembled, gathered, existed, occurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

imperfect

Root vṛt (class 1, 'to be, to turn') with prefixes sam and a (augment for imperfect).

Prefixes: sam+a

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular imperfect middle voice of samavṛt.