वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-36, verse-12

अहोभिर्दशभिर्ये च नागच्छन्ति ममाज्ञया ।
हन्तव्यास्ते दुरात्मानो राजशासनदूषकाः ॥१२॥

12. ahobhirdaśabhirye ca nāgacchanti mamājñayā ,
hantavyāste durātmāno rājaśāsanadūṣakāḥ.

12. ahobhiḥ daśabhiḥ ye ca na āgacchanti mama ājñayā
hantavyāḥ te durātmānaḥ rājaśāsanadūṣakāḥ

12. ye ca mama ājñayā daśabhiḥ ahobhiḥ na āgacchanti
te durātmānaḥ rājaśāsanadūṣakāḥ hantavyāḥ

12. And those wicked individuals, transgressors of royal commands, who do not return within ten days by my order, they must be put to death.

Words meanings summery:

• अहोभिः (ahobhiḥ) - by days, within days

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - by ten

• ये (ye) - those who, which

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, no

• आगच्छन्ति (āgacchanti) - they come, arrive

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• आज्ञया (ājñayā) - by command, by order

• हन्तव्याः (hantavyāḥ) - they should be killed, are to be slain

• ते (te) - they, those

• दुरात्मानः (durātmānaḥ) - evil-minded, wicked persons

• राजशासनदूषकाः (rājaśāsanadūṣakāḥ) - transgressors of royal commands, defilers of royal decrees

Words meanings and morphology

अहोभिः (ahobhiḥ) - by days, within days

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of ahan

ahan - day

Stem is ahna- in compounds and some declensions.

Note: Often indicates duration or time within which something happens.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - by ten

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of daśan

daśan - ten

ये (ye) - those who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आगच्छन्ति (āgacchanti) - they come, arrive

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of āgam

Root √gam (to go) with prefix ā (hither, towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

आज्ञया (ājñayā) - by command, by order

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ājñā

ājñā - command, order, permission, authority

Derived from √jñā (to know) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates the means or cause.

हन्तव्याः (hantavyāḥ) - they should be killed, are to be slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, deserving death, killable

Future Passive Participle (Gerundive)

Derived from √han (to strike, kill) with the suffix -tavya.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively as 'are to be killed'.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'ye'.

दुरात्मानः (durātmānaḥ) - evil-minded, wicked persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

राजशासनदूषकाः (rājaśāsanadūṣakāḥ) - transgressors of royal commands, defilers of royal decrees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaśāsanadūṣaka

rājaśāsanadūṣaka - one who pollutes/corrupts/defies royal commands

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāja+śāsana+dūṣaka)

• rāja – king, royal
  noun (masculine)
• śāsana – command, order, rule
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √śās (to command, instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)
• dūṣaka – corrupter, defiler, offender, censor
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √dūṣ (to spoil, corrupt).
  Root: dūṣ (class 1)