वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-58, verse-18

यदि ताल त्वया दृष्टा पक्वतालफलस्तनी ।
कथयस्व वरारोहां कारुष्यं यदि ते मयि ॥१८॥

18. yadi tāla tvayā dṛṣṭā pakvatālaphalastanī ,
kathayasva varārohāṃ kāruṣyaṃ yadi te mayi.

18. yadi tāla tvayā dṛṣṭā pakvatālaphala-stanī
kathayasva varārohām kāruṣyam yadi te mayi

18. tāla yadi pakvatālaphala-stanī varārohām
tvayā dṛṣṭā yadi te mayi kāruṣyam kathayasva

18. O Palm tree (tāla), if you have seen the beautiful lady (varārohā) whose breasts are like ripe palm fruits, then tell me, if you have compassion for me.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• ताल (tāla) - The Palm tree, addressed directly. (O Palm tree!)

• त्वया (tvayā) - By you (the palm tree). (by you)

• दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen

• पक्वतालफल-स्तनी (pakvatālaphala-stanī) - Describes Sītā's physical feature. (having breasts like ripe palm fruits)

• कथयस्व (kathayasva) - Tell me. (tell, relate)

• वरारोहाम् (varārohām) - Sītā, described by her physical beauty. (having excellent hips/thighs, beautiful lady)

• कारुष्यम् (kāruṣyam) - compassion, pity

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• ते (te) - You have (compassion). (to you, for you, your)

• मयि (mayi) - If you have compassion towards me. (in me, concerning me, towards me)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

ताल (tāla) - The Palm tree, addressed directly. (O Palm tree!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāla

tāla - palm tree (Borassus flabellifer), a measure of time, music rhythm

त्वया (tvayā) - By you (the palm tree). (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Instrumental singular form of 'yuṣmad'.

दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root DṚŚ (to see) + kta (passive participle suffix).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पक्वतालफल-स्तनी (pakvatālaphala-stanī) - Describes Sītā's physical feature. (having breasts like ripe palm fruits)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pakvatālaphala-stanī

pakvatālaphala-stanī - whose breasts are like ripe palm fruits

Compound (Bahuvrihi: pakvāni tālaphalāni iva stanau yasyāḥ sā)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pakva+tāla+phala+stanī)

• pakva – ripe, cooked, mature
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root PAC (to cook, ripen) + kta (passive participle suffix).
  Root: pac (class 1)
• tāla – palm
  noun (masculine)
• phala – fruit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: phal (class 1)
• stanī – having breasts, breasted (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Formed from 'stana' (breast) + -in (possessive suffix). Feminine form 'stanī'.

कथयस्व (kathayasva) - Tell me. (tell, relate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Imperative Middle

Denominative verb from 'kathā' (story), 10th class, 2nd person singular imperative middle.

Root: kath (class 10)

वरारोहाम् (varārohām) - Sītā, described by her physical beauty. (having excellent hips/thighs, beautiful lady)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of varārohā

varārohā - a woman with beautiful hips/thighs, a beautiful woman

Bahuvrihi compound: varāḥ ārohāḥ yasyāḥ sā (she whose hips are excellent).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vara+āroha)

• vara – excellent, best
  adjective
  Root: vṛ (class 1)
• āroha – hip, buttock
  noun (masculine)
  From Ā + RUH (to ascend)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Sītā. External sandhi results in 'varārohāṃ' in `roman_words_separated`.

कारुष्यम् (kāruṣyam) - compassion, pity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāruṣya

kāruṣya - compassion, pity, mercy

Derived from 'karuṇā' (compassion).

Note: Object of implicit verb (e.g. 'asti' - if there is). External sandhi results in 'kāruṣyaṃ' in `roman_words_separated`.

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - You have (compassion). (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Dative/Genitive singular form of 'yuṣmad'.

मयि (mayi) - If you have compassion towards me. (in me, concerning me, towards me)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of aham

aham - I (pronoun)

Locative singular form of 'aham'.