वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-58, verse-11

वृक्षाद्वृक्षं प्रधावन् स गिरींश्चापि नदीन्नदीम् ।
बभूव विलपन् रामः शोकपङ्कार्णवप्लुतः ॥११॥

11. vṛkṣādvṛkṣaṃ pradhāvan sa girīṃścāpi nadīnnadīm ,
babhūva vilapan rāmaḥ śokapaṅkārṇavaplutaḥ.

11. vṛkṣāt vṛkṣam pradhāvan saḥ girīn ca api nadīn
nadīm babhūva vilapan rāmaḥ śokapaṅkārṇavaplutaḥ

11. saḥ vṛkṣāt vṛkṣam girīn ca api nadīn nadīm pradhāvan .
rāmaḥ vilapan śokapaṅkārṇavaplutaḥ babhūva

11. Rushing from tree to tree, and also through mountains and from river to river, Rama, lamenting, became immersed in an ocean of the mire of grief (śoka).

Words meanings summery:

• वृक्षात् (vṛkṣāt) - from a tree

• वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - to a tree

• प्रधावन् (pradhāvan) - running forth, rushing about

• सः (saḥ) - he

• गिरीन् (girīn) - mountains (plural)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• नदीन् (nadīn) - rivers (plural)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - to a river (singular)

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

• विलपन् (vilapan) - lamenting, wailing

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• शोकपङ्कार्णवप्लुतः (śokapaṅkārṇavaplutaḥ) - plunged into an ocean of the mire of grief

Words meanings and morphology

वृक्षात् (vṛkṣāt) - from a tree

(noun)

Ablative, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Indicates starting point.

वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - to a tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Indicates destination.

प्रधावन् (pradhāvan) - running forth, rushing about

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradhāvat

pradhāvat - running forth, rushing

Present Participle (Parasmaipada)

Derived from pra + dhāv (to run) with suffix -at

Prefix: pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rāma.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

3rd person masculine singular nominative

Note: Refers to Rāma.

गिरीन् (girīn) - mountains (plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of movement.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

नदीन् (nadīn) - rivers (plural)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of movement.

नदीम् (nadīm) - to a river (singular)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of movement.

बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Indicative

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicates Rama's state.

विलपन् (vilapan) - lamenting, wailing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, wailing

Present Participle (Parasmaipada)

Derived from vi + lap (to lament) with suffix -at

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Describes Rāma's action.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper noun)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शोकपङ्कार्णवप्लुतः (śokapaṅkārṇavaplutaḥ) - plunged into an ocean of the mire of grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokapaṅkārṇavapluta

śokapaṅkārṇavapluta - plunged into the ocean of the mud of grief

Tatpuruṣa compound, 'plunged (pluta) into the ocean (arṇava) of the mire (paṅka) of grief (śoka)'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+paṅka+arṇava+pluta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• paṅka – mud, mire, dirt
  noun (masculine)
  Root: paj (class 1)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• pluta – plunged, immersed, flooded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root plu (to float, to bathe, to plunge) with suffix -ta
  Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Describes Rāma's state.