वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-58, verse-16

भ्रमरैरुपगीतश्च यथा द्रुमवरो ह्ययम् ।
एष व्यक्तं विजानाति तिलकस्तिलकप्रियाम् ॥१६॥

16. bhramarairupagītaśca yathā drumavaro hyayam ,
eṣa vyaktaṃ vijānāti tilakastilakapriyām.

16. bhramaraiḥ upagītaḥ ca yathā drumavaraḥ hi ayam
eṣaḥ vyaktam vijānāti tilakaḥ tilakapriyām

16. yathā ayam drumavaraḥ bhramarair upagītaḥ ca
hi eṣaḥ tilakaḥ tilakapriyām vyaktam vijānāti

16. Just as this excellent tree is hymned by bees, this Tilaka tree (tilaka) surely knows Tilakapriyā (Sītā) clearly.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रमरैः (bhramaraiḥ) - by bees

• उपगीतः (upagītaḥ) - hymned, sung to

• च (ca) - and

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• द्रुमवरः (drumavaraḥ) - excellent tree, best tree

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (surely, indeed)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, distinctly, evidently

• विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows, understands

• तिलकः (tilakaḥ) - The tree being addressed by Rāma. (Tilaka tree)

• तिलकप्रियाम् (tilakapriyām) - Sītā, who is fond of Tilaka flowers. (one who loves tilaka, Sītā)

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रमरैः (bhramaraiḥ) - by bees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhramara

bhramara - bee, large black bee

Derived from root BHRAM (to wander) with suffix -ara

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: External sandhi results in 'bhramarair' in `roman_words_separated`.

उपगीतः (upagītaḥ) - hymned, sung to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upagīta

upagīta - sung to, hymned, celebrated, praised

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix UPA + root GAI (to sing) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Prefix: upa

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: External sandhi results in 'upagītaś' in `roman_words_separated`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

द्रुमवरः (drumavaraḥ) - excellent tree, best tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drumavara

drumavara - excellent tree, best of trees

Compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (druma+vara)

• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, choice
  adjective
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: External sandhi results in 'drumavaro' in `roman_words_separated`.

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (surely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: External sandhi with 'ayam' results in 'hyayam' (merged word) in `roman_words_separated`.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the excellent tree. External sandhi with 'hi' results in 'hyayam' (merged word) in `roman_words_separated`.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the Tilaka tree. External sandhi results in 'eṣa' in `roman_words_separated`.

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, distinctly, evidently

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix VI + ANJ (to anoint, reveal) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: External sandhi results in 'vyaktaṃ' in `roman_words_separated`.

विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vijñā

Present Active Indicative

From prefix VI + root JÑĀ (to know), 9th class verb.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

तिलकः (tilakaḥ) - The tree being addressed by Rāma. (Tilaka tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tilaka

tilaka - a tree (Symplocos racemosa), an ornamental mark on the forehead

Note: Subject of 'vijānāti'. External sandhi results in 'tilakas' in `roman_words_separated`.

तिलकप्रियाम् (tilakapriyām) - Sītā, who is fond of Tilaka flowers. (one who loves tilaka, Sītā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tilakapriyā

tilakapriyā - fond of Tilaka (flowers), one for whom Tilaka is dear; an epithet for Sītā

Compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tilaka+priyā)

• tilaka – Tilaka flower/tree
  noun (masculine)
• priyā – dear, beloved, favorite woman
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of 'priya'

Note: Object of 'vijānāti'.