वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-22, verse-33

महाकपालः स्थूलाक्षः प्रमाथी त्रिशिरास्तथा ।
चत्वार एते सेनाग्र्या दूषणं पृष्ठतो ऽन्वयुः ॥३३॥

33. mahākapālaḥ sthūlākṣaḥ pramāthī triśirāstathā ,
catvāra ete senāgryā dūṣaṇaṃ pṛṣṭhato'nvayuḥ.

33. mahākapālaḥ sthūlākṣaḥ pramāthī triśirāḥ tathā |
catvāraḥ ete senāgryāḥ dūṣaṇam pṛṣṭhataḥ anvayuḥ

33. mahākapālaḥ sthūlākṣaḥ pramāthī tathā triśirāḥ
ete catvāraḥ senāgryāḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ dūṣaṇam anvayuḥ

33. Mahakapala, Sthulaksha, Pramathi, and Trishiras – these four chief warriors followed Dushana from behind.

Words meanings summery:

• महाकपालः (mahākapālaḥ) - Mahakapala (a proper name)

• स्थूलाक्षः (sthūlākṣaḥ) - Sthulaksha (a proper name)

• प्रमाथी (pramāthī) - Pramathi (a proper name)

• त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - Trishiras (a proper name)

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, also, thus, so)

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - these four (four)

• एते (ete) - these (four) (these)

• सेनाग्र्याः (senāgryāḥ) - chief warriors (chief warriors, leading ones of the army)

• दूषणम् (dūṣaṇam) - Dushana (accusative, object of 'followed') (Dushana (a proper name))

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, from the back)

• अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - followed (they followed)

Words meanings and morphology

महाकपालः (mahākapālaḥ) - Mahakapala (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahākapāla

mahākapāla - Mahakapala (proper name, lit. 'great skull')

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kapāla)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• kapāla – skull, forehead, pan, shell
  noun (masculine)

स्थूलाक्षः (sthūlākṣaḥ) - Sthulaksha (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthūlākṣa

sthūlākṣa - Sthulaksha (proper name, lit. 'large-eyed')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sthūla+akṣa)

• sthūla – thick, fat, large, gross
  adjective
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

प्रमाथी (pramāthī) - Pramathi (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramāthin

pramāthin - Pramathi (proper name, lit. 'agitator, destroyer')

agent noun

Derived from root math- 'to churn, agitate' with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Ends in -in, declined as such.

त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - Trishiras (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of triśiras

triśiras - Trishiras (proper name, lit. 'three-headed')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+śiras)

• tri – three
  numeral
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

तथा (tathā) - and (and, also, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - these four (four)

(numeral)

Note: Masculine nominative plural form.

एते (ete) - these (four) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Masculine nominative plural form.

सेनाग्र्याः (senāgryāḥ) - chief warriors (chief warriors, leading ones of the army)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of senāgrya

senāgrya - chief of an army, leader of an army, foremost in an army

Compound of senā (army) + agrya (foremost, chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (senā+agrya)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• agrya – foremost, chief, excellent, first
  adjective (masculine)

दूषणम् (dūṣaṇam) - Dushana (accusative, object of 'followed') (Dushana (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dūṣaṇa

dūṣaṇa - Dushana (proper name, lit. 'defiler, polluter')

agent noun

From root dūṣ- 'to corrupt, defile'.

Root: dūṣ (class 10)

Note: Object of the verb 'anvayuḥ'.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, from the back)

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -tas from pṛṣṭha (back).

अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - followed (they followed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anu-i

Imperfect, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)