वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-22, verse-18

तान् समीक्ष्य महोत्पातानुत्थितान् रोमहर्षणान् ।
अब्रवीद् राक्षसान् सर्वान्प्रहसन् स खरस्तदा ॥१८॥

18. tān samīkṣya mahotpātānutthitān romaharṣaṇān ,
abravīd rākṣasān sarvānprahasan sa kharastadā.

18. tān samīkṣya mahotpātān utthitān romaharṣaṇān |
abravīt rākṣasān sarvān prahasan sa kharaḥ tadā

18. tadā sa kharaḥ utthitān romaharṣaṇān tān mahotpātān samīkṣya,
prahasan,
sarvān rākṣasān abravīt

18. Then, having observed all those great, hair-raising portents that had arisen, Khara, laughing, spoke to all the rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those portents (those)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, observing, having perceived

• महोत्पातान् (mahotpātān) - great portents, mighty calamities

• उत्थितान् (utthitān) - arisen, manifested, standing up

• रोमहर्षणान् (romaharṣaṇān) - hair-raising, terrifying, causing thrill

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• राक्षसान् (rākṣasān) - to the rākṣasas (demons)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• स (sa) - he

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (proper name)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those portents (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the portents (mahotpātān).

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, observing, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'sam' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

महोत्पातान् (mahotpātān) - great portents, mighty calamities

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahotpāta

mahotpāta - great calamity, mighty omen, dire portent

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'utpāta' (omen, calamity).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+utpāta)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Stem form of mahat.
• utpāta – calamity, portent, sudden event, misfortune
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ut-pat' (to fly up, to arise).
  Prefix: ut
  Root: pat (class 1)

उत्थितान् (utthitān) - arisen, manifested, standing up

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of utthita

utthita - risen, stood up, manifested, produced

past passive participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ut'.

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mahotpātān'.

रोमहर्षणान् (romaharṣaṇān) - hair-raising, terrifying, causing thrill

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of romaharṣaṇa

romaharṣaṇa - hair-raising, causing goosebumps, terrifying, thrilling

Compound of 'roman' (hair) and 'harṣaṇa' (causing thrill/erection).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (roman+harṣaṇa)

• roman – hair (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy, thrilling, exciting, causing erection (of hair)
  adjective (masculine)
  causative noun/adjective
  From root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill, to be excited), causative stem.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mahotpātān'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect indicative

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice, from root 'brū'. Augment 'a' for imperfect.

Root: brū (class 2)

राक्षसान् (rākṣasān) - to the rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, goblin, malevolent being

Note: Object of the verb 'abravīt' (spoke to).

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasān'.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasant

prahasant - laughing, smiling, making fun of

present active participle

From root 'has' (to laugh) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the subject 'kharaḥ'.

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine form 'sa'.

Note: Refers to Khara.

खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (a demon, Rāvaṇa's brother); also 'donkey', 'sharp', 'harsh'

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) with suffix '-dā'.