वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-22, verse-23

न क्व चित् प्राप्तपूर्वो मे संयुगेषु पराजयः ।
युष्माकमेतत् प्रत्यक्षं नानृतं कथयाम्यहम् ॥२३॥

23. na kva cit prāptapūrvo me saṃyugeṣu parājayaḥ ,
yuṣmākametat pratyakṣaṃ nānṛtaṃ kathayāmyaham.

23. na kva cit prāptapūrvaḥ me saṃyugeṣu parājayaḥ
yuṣmākam etat pratyakṣam na anṛtam kathayāmi aham

23. me saṃyugeṣu kva cit parājayaḥ prāptapūrvaḥ na
yuṣmākam etat pratyakṣam aham anṛtam na kathayāmi

23. I have never before experienced defeat in any battle. This is evident to you all; I do not speak a lie.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• क्व (kva) - anywhere (with 'cit') (where?)

• चित् (cit) - any (in 'anywhere') (a certain, any (indefinite particle))

• प्राप्तपूर्वः (prāptapūrvaḥ) - previously experienced (previously obtained, experienced before)

• मे (me) - by me (my, by me)

• संयुगेषु (saṁyugeṣu) - in battles (in battles, in conflicts)

• पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat (defeat, conquest (of another))

• युष्माकम् (yuṣmākam) - to you all (of you (plural), your)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this, that)

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - evident, clearly visible (visible, evident, direct perception)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - a lie (untruth, lie)

• कथयामि (kathayāmi) - I speak (I speak, I tell, I narrate)

• अहम् (aham) - I

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

क्व (kva) - anywhere (with 'cit') (where?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

चित् (cit) - any (in 'anywhere') (a certain, any (indefinite particle))

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तपूर्वः (prāptapūrvaḥ) - previously experienced (previously obtained, experienced before)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāptapūrva

prāptapūrva - obtained before, experienced previously

Compound of prāpta (past passive participle of prāp 'to obtain') and pūrva (former, prior).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāpta+pūrva)

• prāpta – obtained, reached, gained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root āp 'to obtain' with prefix pra 'forth'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• pūrva – former, prior, previous
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'parājayaḥ'.

मे (me) - by me (my, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Here, genitive indicating agency ("by me") with the passive participle phrase.

संयुगेषु (saṁyugeṣu) - in battles (in battles, in conflicts)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, conflict, encounter

From sam-yuj 'to join together, connect'

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat (defeat, conquest (of another))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, overthrow, conquest

From pari-ji 'to conquer, overcome, be defeated'

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

युष्माकम् (yuṣmākam) - to you all (of you (plural), your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Here, genitive of possessor / recipient, often used with 'pratyakṣam' for "evident to".

एतत् (etat) - this (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (near the speaker)

Note: Refers to the preceding statement.

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - evident, clearly visible (visible, evident, direct perception)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - perceptible, visible, evident, direct perception

prati (towards) + akṣa (eye). What is before the eyes.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye, axis
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - a lie (untruth, lie)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untrue, false, a lie, falsehood

a (not) + ṛta (truth, cosmic order)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)

कथयामि (kathayāmi) - I speak (I speak, I tell, I narrate)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kath

From causal of kṛt, or a denominative of katha. Class 10th verb.

Root: kath (class 10)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we