वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-41, verse-30

शोकजाश्रुपरिद्यूना वीक्षमाणास्ततस्ततः ।
आलोकमपि रामस्य न पश्यन्ति स्म दुःखिताः ॥३०॥

30. śokajāśruparidyūnā vīkṣamāṇāstatastataḥ ,
ālokamapi rāmasya na paśyanti sma duḥkhitāḥ.

30. śokajāśruparidyūnāḥ vīkṣamāṇāḥ tatastataḥ
ālokam api rāmasya na paśyanti sma duḥkhitāḥ

30. duḥkhitāḥ śokajāśruparidyūnāḥ tatas tataḥ
vīkṣamāṇāḥ rāmasya ālokam api na paśyanti sma

30. Distressed and greatly weakened by tears born of grief, they looked anxiously in every direction but could not even catch sight of Rama.

Words meanings summery:

• शोकजाश्रुपरिद्यूनाः (śokajāśruparidyūnāḥ) - greatly distressed by tears born of sorrow

• वीक्षमाणाः (vīkṣamāṇāḥ) - looking, gazing, observing

• ततस्ततः (tatastataḥ) - hither and thither, in every direction, here and there

• आलोकम् (ālokam) - sight, vision, glimpse

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• न (na) - not

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with a present verb

• दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

Words meanings and morphology

शोकजाश्रुपरिद्यूनाः (śokajāśruparidyūnāḥ) - greatly distressed by tears born of sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śokajāśruparidyūna

śokajāśruparidyūna - one who is greatly wasted/emaciated/distressed by tears born of sorrow

Compound type : Instrumental Tatpuruṣa (śokajāśru+paridyūna)

• śokajāśru – tears born of sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• paridyūna – greatly wasted, emaciated, distressed, afflicted
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from the root dyu (to be wasted/distressed) with the prefix pari, followed by the suffix -kta.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: dyu (class 1)

वीक्षमाणाः (vīkṣamāṇāḥ) - looking, gazing, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīkṣamāṇa

vīkṣamāṇa - looking, seeing, observing, gazing at

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Formed from the root īkṣ (to see) with the prefix vi, followed by the suffix -māna.

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

ततस्ततः (tatastataḥ) - hither and thither, in every direction, here and there

(indeclinable)

An iterative compound of 'tataḥ' (from there).

Compound type : Iterative (tataḥ+tataḥ)

• tas – from there, thence
  indeclinable
  Suffix -tas (from) added to tad (that).

आलोकम् (ālokam) - sight, vision, glimpse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āloka

āloka - seeing, looking, sight, view, appearance

Derived from the root lok (to see) with the prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 10)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a celebrated king of Ayodhya, son of Daśaratha)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Present (Laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with a present verb

(indeclinable)

दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From the root duḥkh (to suffer, be distressed) with suffix -ita.

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

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