वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-41, verse-27

तं स्यन्दनमधिष्ठाय राघवः सपरिच्छदः ।
शीघ्रगामाकुलावर्तां तमसामतरन्नदीम् ॥२७॥

27. taṃ syandanamadhiṣṭhāya rāghavaḥ saparicchadaḥ ,
śīghragāmākulāvartāṃ tamasāmatarannadīm.

27. tam syandanam adhiṣṭhāya rāghavaḥ saparicchadaḥ
| śīghragām ākulāvartām tamasām atarat nadīm

27. saparicchadaḥ rāghavaḥ tam syandanam adhiṣṭhāya,
śīghragām ākulāvartām tamasām nadīm atarat

27. Rama, with his retinue, mounted that chariot and crossed the swift-flowing Tamasā river, which had turbulent whirlpools.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that

• स्यन्दनम् (syandanam) - chariot, car

• अधिष्ठाय (adhiṣṭhāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having occupied

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama, descendant of Raghu

• सपरिच्छदः (saparicchadaḥ) - with attendants, with retinue, accompanied

• शीघ्रगाम् (śīghragām) - swift-flowing, moving quickly

• आकुलावर्ताम् (ākulāvartām) - having agitated whirlpools, with turbulent eddies

• तमसाम् (tamasām) - Tamasā (name of a river)

• अतरत् (atarat) - he crossed, he traversed

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: modifies 'syandanam'

स्यन्दनम् (syandanam) - chariot, car

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of syandana

syandana - chariot, car, flowing, dripping

from root syand (to flow, to move quickly)

Root: syand (class 1)

Note: object of 'adhiṣṭhāya'

अधिष्ठाय (adhiṣṭhāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having occupied

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root sthā + prefixes adhi + ya (for absolutive)

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: absolutive (gerund) indicating prior action

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama, descendant of Raghu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

from Raghu + aṇ (taddhita suffix)

Note: subject of 'atarat'

सपरिच्छदः (saparicchadaḥ) - with attendants, with retinue, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saparicchada

saparicchada - having a retinue, accompanied by attendants

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+paricchada)

• sa – with, accompanied by (prefix)
  indeclinable
  bahuvrīhi prefix 'sa'
• paricchada – retinue, attendants, paraphernalia
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: chad (class 10)

Note: modifies 'rāghavaḥ'

शीघ्रगाम् (śīghragām) - swift-flowing, moving quickly

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śīghraga

śīghraga - swift-moving, quick-going

from śīghra (quick) + ga (going)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīghra+ga)

• śīghra – quick, swift, rapid
  adjective (neuter)
• ga – going, moving (suffix from root gam)
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  agent noun suffix
  from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

आकुलावर्ताम् (ākulāvartām) - having agitated whirlpools, with turbulent eddies

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ākulāvarta

ākulāvarta - having agitated whirlpools, full of turbulent eddies

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ākula+āvarta)

• ākula – agitated, confused, troubled
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul (class 10)
• āvarta – whirlpool, eddy, rolling
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from root vṛt + prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

तमसाम् (tamasām) - Tamasā (name of a river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tamasā

tamasā - Name of a river

अतरत् (atarat) - he crossed, he traversed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of tṛ

Root: tṛ (class 1)

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: object of 'atarat'