वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-1, verse-4

आपृच्छ्य पितरं शूरो रामं चाक्लिष्टकारिणम् ।
मातॄंश्चापि नरश्रेष्ठः शत्रुघ्नसहितो ययौ ॥४॥

4. āpṛcchya pitaraṃ śūro rāmaṃ cākliṣṭakāriṇam ,
mātṝṃścāpi naraśreṣṭhaḥ śatrughnasahito yayau.

4. āpṛcchya pitaram śūraḥ rāmam ca akliṣṭakāriṇam
mātṝn ca api naraśreṣṭhaḥ śatrughnasahitaḥ yayau

4. naraśreṣṭhaḥ śūraḥ śatrughnasahitaḥ pitaram rāmam
ca akliṣṭakāriṇam mātṝn ca api āpṛcchya yayau

4. The brave Bharata, the best among men, accompanied by Shatrughna, took leave of his father, of Rama—who performs deeds effortlessly—and also of his mothers, and then departed.

Words meanings summery:

• आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave, having bid farewell, having asked

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, heroic, hero

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• च (ca) - and, also

• अक्लिष्टकारिणम् (akliṣṭakāriṇam) - one who performs deeds effortlessly, unwearied doer

• मातॄन् (mātṝn) - mothers

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• नरश्रेष्ठः (naraśreṣṭhaḥ) - best among men, foremost of men

• शत्रुघ्नसहितः (śatrughnasahitaḥ) - accompanied by Shatrughna

• ययौ (yayau) - went, departed

Words meanings and morphology

आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave, having bid farewell, having asked

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root pṛcch (from pracch) with prefix ā, ending in -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: pṛcch (class 6)

पितरम् (pitaram) - father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, heroic, hero

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, heroic, hero, warrior

Root: śū (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bharata.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Rāma

Rāma - Rama (name of a prominent deity and epic hero)

Root: ram (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अक्लिष्टकारिणम् (akliṣṭakāriṇam) - one who performs deeds effortlessly, unwearied doer

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akliṣṭakārin

akliṣṭakārin - one who acts without effort, performing deeds effortlessly

Agent noun (kārin) from a past passive participle (kliṣṭa) with negation (a).

Formed from 'a' (negation) + 'kliṣṭa' (past passive participle of kliś 'to suffer/be tired') + 'kārin' (agent noun from kṛ 'to do').

Compound type : karmadhāraya (within compound) leading to upapada tatpuruṣa (a+kliṣṭa+kārin)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kliṣṭa – distressed, tired, weary, troubled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kliś 'to suffer, to be wearied'.
  Root: kliś (class 4)
• kārin – doing, making, performing, doer
  agent noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root kṛ 'to do' with suffix -in.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

मातॄन् (mātṝn) - mothers

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Refers to the three mothers of Rama, Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrughna.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

नरश्रेष्ठः (naraśreṣṭhaḥ) - best among men, foremost of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men, foremost of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of praśasya (praśasta)
  Derived from root śri (to serve) or from praśasta (excellent) with suffix -iṣṭha.

शत्रुघ्नसहितः (śatrughnasahitaḥ) - accompanied by Shatrughna

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrughnasahita

śatrughnasahita - accompanied by Shatrughna

Compound formed with Shatrughna and sahita (accompanied).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śatrughna+sahita)

• śatrughna – Shatrughna (name of Rama's youngest brother)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sahita – accompanied, joined with, together with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sah (to bear, to endure) with prefix sa-.
  Root: sah (class 1)

ययौ (yayau) - went, departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect Tense (Liṭ Lakāra)

Reduplicated stem.

Root: yā (class 2)