वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-1, verse-36

अथ राजवितीर्णेषु विविधेष्वासनेषु च ।
राजानमेवाभिमुखा निषेदुर्नियता नृपाः ॥३६॥

36. atha rājavitīrṇeṣu vividheṣvāsaneṣu ca ,
rājānamevābhimukhā niṣedurniyatā nṛpāḥ.

36. atha rājavitīrṇeṣu vividheṣu āsaneṣu ca
rājānam eva abhimukhāḥ niṣeduḥ niyatāḥ nṛpāḥ

36. atha nṛpāḥ niyatāḥ rājavitīrṇeṣu vividheṣu
āsaneṣu ca rājānam eva abhimukhāḥ niṣeduḥ

36. Then, upon the various seats provided by the king, the disciplined kings sat down, facing the king alone.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• राजवितीर्णेषु (rājavitīrṇeṣu) - on those given by the king, on those bestowed by the king

• विविधेषु (vividheṣu) - in various, on various

• आसनेषु (āsaneṣu) - on seats

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• अभिमुखाः (abhimukhāḥ) - facing, turned towards

• निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down

• नियताः (niyatāḥ) - restrained, controlled, disciplined, composed

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

राजवितीर्णेषु (rājavitīrṇeṣu) - on those given by the king, on those bestowed by the king

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of rājavitīrṇa

rājavitīrṇa - distributed by the king, given by the king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vitīrṇa)

• rājan – king, sovereign, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• vitīrṇa – distributed, given, granted, offered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root tṝ (to cross, pass over) with prefix vi (apart, thoroughly)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: tṝ (class 1)

Note: modifies āsaneṣu

विविधेषु (vividheṣu) - in various, on various

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse

Note: modifies āsaneṣu

आसनेषु (āsaneṣu) - on seats

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of āsana

āsana - seat, sitting, posture, throne

Derived from root ās (to sit)

Root: ās (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Note: object of abhimukhāḥ (implicitly 'towards')

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

Note: emphasizes rājānam

अभिमुखाः (abhimukhāḥ) - facing, turned towards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting

Compound of abhi (towards) and mukha (face)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, into
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front, opening
  noun (neuter)

Note: modifies nṛpāḥ

निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sad

Root with prefix ni (down)

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Third person plural perfect active of ni-sad

नियताः (niyatāḥ) - restrained, controlled, disciplined, composed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyata

niyata - restrained, self-controlled, disciplined, fixed, certain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yam (to restrain, control) with prefix ni (down, in)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: modifies nṛpāḥ

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, male, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root pā (to protect or to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: subject of niṣeduḥ

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