वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-1, verse-17

शीलवृद्धैर्ज्ञानवृद्धैर्वयोवृद्धैश्च सज्जनैः ।
कथयन्नास्त वै नित्यमस्त्रयोग्यान्तरेष्वपि ॥१७॥

17. śīlavṛddhairjñānavṛddhairvayovṛddhaiśca sajjanaiḥ ,
kathayannāsta vai nityamastrayogyāntareṣvapi.

17. śīlavṛddhaiḥ jñānavṛddhaiḥ vayovṛddhaiḥ ca sajjanaiḥ
kathayan āsta vai nityam astra-yogya-antareṣu api

17. sajjanaiḥ śīlavṛddhaiḥ jñānavṛddhaiḥ vayovṛddhaiḥ
ca astrayogyāntareṣu api nityam kathayan vai āsta

17. One should always remain in conversation with good people (sajjanaiḥ) who are mature in character, knowledge, and age, even during periods suitable for military training.

Words meanings summery:

• शीलवृद्धैः (śīlavṛddhaiḥ) - by those mature in character (by those grown in character, by those advanced in good conduct)

• ज्ञानवृद्धैः (jñānavṛddhaiḥ) - by those mature in knowledge (by those grown in knowledge, by those advanced in wisdom)

• वयोवृद्धैः (vayovṛddhaiḥ) - by those mature in age (by those grown in age, by elders)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• सज्जनैः (sajjanaiḥ) - by virtuous people (by good people, by virtuous persons, by noble-minded ones)

• कथयन् (kathayan) - conversing (speaking, narrating, conversing, telling)

• आस्त (āsta) - he remains, he is engaged in (he sits, he remains, he dwells)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, verily (emphatic particle))

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, perpetually (always, constantly, perpetually)

• अस्त्र-योग्य-अन्तरेषु (astra-yogya-antareṣu) - in periods or intervals suitable for military training (in intervals suitable for weapons, in spaces fit for arms practice)

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizes the unexpected context) (even, also, too, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

शीलवृद्धैः (śīlavṛddhaiḥ) - by those mature in character (by those grown in character, by those advanced in good conduct)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śīlavṛddha

śīlavṛddha - mature in character, advanced in good conduct

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīla+vṛddha)

• śīla – character, conduct, moral habit, virtue
  noun (neuter)
• vṛddha – grown, old, aged, increased, mature
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛdh
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies sajjanaiḥ.

ज्ञानवृद्धैः (jñānavṛddhaiḥ) - by those mature in knowledge (by those grown in knowledge, by those advanced in wisdom)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jñānavṛddha

jñānavṛddha - mature in knowledge, advanced in wisdom

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+vṛddha)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vṛddha – grown, old, aged, increased, mature
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛdh
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies sajjanaiḥ.

वयोवृद्धैः (vayovṛddhaiḥ) - by those mature in age (by those grown in age, by elders)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vayovṛddha

vayovṛddha - advanced in age, aged, elderly

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vayas+vṛddha)

• vayas – age, life-time, youth
  noun (neuter)
• vṛddha – grown, old, aged, increased, mature
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛdh
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies sajjanaiḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the adjectives modifying sajjanaiḥ.

सज्जनैः (sajjanaiḥ) - by virtuous people (by good people, by virtuous persons, by noble-minded ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sajjana

sajjana - good person, virtuous person, gentleman

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+jana)

• sat – good, true, existing, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  from root as
  Root: as (class 2)
• jana – person, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent or accompaniment of kathayan.

कथयन् (kathayan) - conversing (speaking, narrating, conversing, telling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kathayat

kathayat - speaking, narrating

Present Active Participle

from root kath (denominative from kathā)

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Describes the ongoing action of the implied subject.

आस्त (āsta) - he remains, he is engaged in (he sits, he remains, he dwells)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Sometimes used with present meaning, implying continuous state.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, verily (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, perpetually (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

अस्त्र-योग्य-अन्तरेषु (astra-yogya-antareṣu) - in periods or intervals suitable for military training (in intervals suitable for weapons, in spaces fit for arms practice)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of astrayogyāntara

astrayogyāntara - interval fit for weapons/arms practice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+yogya+antara)

• astra – weapon, missile, projectile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)
• yogya – suitable, fit, proper, capable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from root yuj
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• antara – interval, space, interior, difference
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the time or place for activity.

अपि (api) - even (emphasizes the unexpected context) (even, also, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes astrayogyāntareṣu.

Previous Verse Next Verse