वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-1, verse-1

कस्य चित्त्वथ कालस्य राजा दशरथः सुतम् ।
भरतं केकयीपुत्रमब्रवीद् रघुनन्दनः ॥१॥

1. kasya cittvatha kālasya rājā daśarathaḥ sutam ,
bharataṃ kekayīputramabravīd raghunandanaḥ.

1. kasya cit tu atha kālasya rājā daśarathaḥ sutam
bharatam kekayīputram abravīt raghunandanaḥ

1. atha kasya cit kālasya tu rājā daśarathaḥ raghunandanaḥ kekayīputram sutam bharatam abravīt.

1. Then, after some time, King Dasharatha, the delight of the Raghus, spoke to his son Bharata, Kaikeyi's son.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - of whom, of what, of some

• चित् (cit) - a certain, some (indefinite particle)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, then, indeed

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Dasharatha (Dasharatha)

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• भरतम् (bharatam) - Prince Bharata (Bharata)

• केकयीपुत्रम् (kekayīputram) - son of Kaikeyi

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - King Dasharatha (from the Raghu lineage) (delight of the Raghus)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - of whom, of what, of some

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

चित् (cit) - a certain, some (indefinite particle)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, then, indeed

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, suitable time

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Dasharatha (Dasharatha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (proper name)

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

भरतम् (bharatam) - Prince Bharata (Bharata)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name), cherished, maintained

केकयीपुत्रम् (kekayīputram) - son of Kaikeyi

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kekayīputra

kekayīputra - son of Kaikeyi

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kekayī+putra)

• kekayī – Kaikeyi (proper name)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - King Dasharatha (from the Raghu lineage) (delight of the Raghus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - delight of the Raghus, descendant of Raghu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delight, son
  noun (masculine)