वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-1, verse-18

कल्याणाभिजनः साधुरदीनः सत्यवागृजुः ।
वृद्धैरभिविनीतश्च द्विजैर्धर्मार्थदर्शिभिः ॥१८॥

18. kalyāṇābhijanaḥ sādhuradīnaḥ satyavāgṛjuḥ ,
vṛddhairabhivinītaśca dvijairdharmārthadarśibhiḥ.

18. kalyāṇa-abhijanaḥ sādhuḥ adīnaḥ satya-vāk ṛjuḥ
vṛddhaiḥ abhivinītaḥ ca dvijaiḥ dharma-artha-darśibhiḥ

18. kalyāṇābhijanaḥ sādhuḥ adīnaḥ satyavāk ṛjuḥ ca
vṛddhaiḥ dharmārthadarśibhiḥ dvijaiḥ abhivinītaḥ

18. (He is) of noble lineage, virtuous, spirited, truthful, and straightforward. Furthermore, he is well-trained by elders and by Brahmins (dvijaiḥ) who discern the true nature of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• कल्याण-अभिजनः (kalyāṇa-abhijanaḥ) - of noble lineage (of noble family, of good origin, of good lineage)

• साधुः (sādhuḥ) - virtuous (good, virtuous, noble, righteous, proper)

• अदीनः (adīnaḥ) - high-spirited, not dejected (not miserable, not humble, high-spirited, energetic, independent)

• सत्य-वाक् (satya-vāk) - truthful (speaking truth, truthful)

• ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - straightforward, honest (straight, honest, upright, straightforward)

• वृद्धैः (vṛddhaiḥ) - by elders (by old people, by elders, by respected ones)

• अभिविनीतः (abhivinītaḥ) - well-disciplined, highly educated (well-trained, well-disciplined, well-educated)

• च (ca) - and, furthermore (and, also, moreover)

• द्विजैः (dvijaiḥ) - by Brahmins (dvijaiḥ) (by twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas), by birds, by teeth)

• धर्म-अर्थ-दर्शिभिः (dharma-artha-darśibhiḥ) - by those who discern the true nature of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha) (by those seeing (understanding) natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha))

Words meanings and morphology

कल्याण-अभिजनः (kalyāṇa-abhijanaḥ) - of noble lineage (of noble family, of good origin, of good lineage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalyāṇābhijana

kalyāṇābhijana - of noble family, of good origin

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kalyāṇa+abhijana)

• kalyāṇa – auspicious, happy, excellent, good
  adjective (neuter)
• abhijana – lineage, birth, family, origin
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

साधुः (sādhuḥ) - virtuous (good, virtuous, noble, righteous, proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, proper, holy man

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

अदीनः (adīnaḥ) - high-spirited, not dejected (not miserable, not humble, high-spirited, energetic, independent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adīna

adīna - not miserable, not humble, energetic, independent

Negative prefix a- + dīna

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dīna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dīna – miserable, humble, dejected, poor
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dī
  Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

सत्य-वाक् (satya-vāk) - truthful (speaking truth, truthful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - truthful, speaking truth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - straightforward, honest (straight, honest, upright, straightforward)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛju

ṛju - straight, honest, upright, straightforward

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

वृद्धैः (vṛddhaiḥ) - by elders (by old people, by elders, by respected ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - grown, old, aged, wise, respected

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agent of abhivinītaḥ.

अभिविनीतः (abhivinītaḥ) - well-disciplined, highly educated (well-trained, well-disciplined, well-educated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhivinīta

abhivinīta - well-trained, well-disciplined, modest

Past Passive Participle

from root nī with prefixes abhi- and vi-

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

च (ca) - and, furthermore (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two sets of agents (vṛddhaiḥ and dvijaiḥ).

द्विजैः (dvijaiḥ) - by Brahmins (dvijaiḥ) (by twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas), by birds, by teeth)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jan – to be born, to be produced
  verb
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent of abhivinītaḥ.

धर्म-अर्थ-दर्शिभिः (dharma-artha-darśibhiḥ) - by those who discern the true nature of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha) (by those seeing (understanding) natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharmārthadarśin

dharmārthadarśin - one who perceives dharma and artha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+darśin)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, aim
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 5)
• darśin – seeing, knowing, showing, perceiving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Participial
  from root dṛś
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies dvijaiḥ.