मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-110, verse-34
ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः सवर्णापाणिसंग्रहम् ।
अकृत्वाऽन्यभवापाणेः पतन्ति नृप संग्रहात् ॥३४॥
अकृत्वाऽन्यभवापाणेः पतन्ति नृप संग्रहात् ॥३४॥
34. brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ savarṇāpāṇisaṃgraham .
akṛtvā'nyabhavāpāṇeḥ patanti nṛpa saṃgrahāt.
akṛtvā'nyabhavāpāṇeḥ patanti nṛpa saṃgrahāt.
34.
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ savarṇā-pāṇi-saṃgraham
akṛtvā anya-bhava-pāṇeḥ patanti nṛpa saṃgrahāt
akṛtvā anya-bhava-pāṇeḥ patanti nṛpa saṃgrahāt
34.
O King, Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, and Vaiśyas who, without first marrying a woman of their own social class (savarṇā), take the hand of one born of a different social class, fall from (their status due to such) a marriage.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmaṇa
- क्षत्रिया (kṣatriyā) - Kṣatriyas (plural, implied by verb 'patanti' and other subjects) (a Kṣatriya)
- वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas
- सवर्णा-पाणि-संग्रहम् (savarṇā-pāṇi-saṁgraham) - the marriage (taking of hand) of a woman of the same class
- अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without having done, having not done
- अन्य-भव-पाणेः (anya-bhava-pāṇeḥ) - from the hand of one born of another (class)
- पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they are degraded
- नृप (nṛpa) - O King
- संग्रहात् (saṁgrahāt) - from the marriage, from the taking
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmaṇa
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a member of the priestly class
क्षत्रिया (kṣatriyā) - Kṣatriyas (plural, implied by verb 'patanti' and other subjects) (a Kṣatriya)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a member of the warrior class
Note: The form 'kṣatriyā' is typically nominative singular feminine. However, in this context, alongside 'brāhmaṇaḥ' and 'vaiśyāḥ' and with the plural verb 'patanti', it semantically functions as a plural masculine noun referring to the Kṣatriya class. It might be a non-standard plural or a scribal error for 'kṣatriyāḥ'.
वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya
vaiśya - a man belonging to the third (merchant/farmer) social class
सवर्णा-पाणि-संग्रहम् (savarṇā-pāṇi-saṁgraham) - the marriage (taking of hand) of a woman of the same class
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of savarṇā-pāṇi-saṃgraha
savarṇā-pāṇi-saṁgraha - marriage with a woman of the same social class
Compound type : tatpurusha (savarṇā+pāṇi+saṃgraha)
- savarṇā – of the same class, of the same color (feminine)
adjective (feminine) - pāṇi – hand
noun (masculine) - saṃgraha – taking, seizing, collection, marriage
noun (masculine)
Prefix: sam
Root: grah (class 9)
अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without having done, having not done
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Negated absolutive from √kṛ (to do)
Prefix: a
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अन्य-भव-पाणेः (anya-bhava-pāṇeḥ) - from the hand of one born of another (class)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of anya-bhava-pāṇi
anya-bhava-pāṇi - hand of one born from another (class)
Compound type : tatpurusha (anya+bhava+pāṇi)
- anya – other, different, another
adjective - bhava – being, existence, birth, origin; born from
noun (masculine)
From √bhū (to be, become)
Root: bhū (class 1) - pāṇi – hand
noun (masculine)
पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they are degraded
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat
Root: pat (class 1)
नृप (nṛpa) - O King
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa
nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men
संग्रहात् (saṁgrahāt) - from the marriage, from the taking
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of saṃgraha
saṁgraha - taking, seizure, collection, marriage
Prefix: sam
Root: grah (class 9)