महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-39, verse-8

लाघवं द्रोणपुत्रस्य दृष्ट्वा तत्र महारथाः ।
व्यस्मयन्त महाराज न चैनं प्रतिवीक्षितुम् ।
शेकुस्ते सर्वराजानस्तपन्तमिव भास्करम् ॥८॥

8. lāghavaṁ droṇaputrasya dṛṣṭvā tatra mahārathāḥ ,
vyasmayanta mahārāja na cainaṁ prativīkṣitum ,
śekuste sarvarājānastapantamiva bhāskaram.

8. lāghavam droṇaputrasya dṛṣṭvā tatra
mahārathāḥ vyasmayanta mahārāja
na ca enam prativīkṣitum śekuḥ te
sarvarājānaḥ tapantam iva bhāskaram

8. mahārāja tatra droṇaputrasya lāghavam
dṛṣṭvā mahārathāḥ vyasmayanta
ca te sarvarājānaḥ tapantam bhāskaram
iva enam prativīkṣitum na śekuḥ

8. O great king, having witnessed the swiftness of Drona's son, the great charioteers there were astonished. Indeed, none of those kings were able to confront him, who was like the blazing sun.

Words meanings summery:

• लाघवम् (lāghavam) - lightness, swiftness, agility, skill

• द्रोणपुत्रस्य (droṇaputrasya) - of Aśvatthāmā (of Drona's son, of Aśvatthāmā)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived, having witnessed

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that place

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

• व्यस्मयन्त (vyasmayanta) - they were astonished, they wondered

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - Aśvatthāmā (him, this one)

• प्रतिवीक्षितुम् (prativīkṣitum) - to look back at, to confront

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able, they could

• ते (te) - those kings (they, those)

• सर्वराजानः (sarvarājānaḥ) - all kings

• तपन्तम् (tapantam) - burning, scorching, blazing

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun, the sun-maker

Words meanings and morphology

लाघवम् (lāghavam) - lightness, swiftness, agility, skill

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, swiftness, agility, skill

द्रोणपुत्रस्य (droṇaputrasya) - of Aśvatthāmā (of Drona's son, of Aśvatthāmā)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Drona

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (name of a teacher)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived, having witnessed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that place

(indeclinable)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

व्यस्मयन्त (vyasmayanta) - they were astonished, they wondered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, aorist (luṅ) of smi

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - Aśvatthāmā (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him

प्रतिवीक्षितुम् (prativīkṣitum) - to look back at, to confront

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able, they could

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

ते (te) - those kings (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

सर्वराजानः (sarvarājānaḥ) - all kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvarājan

sarvarājan - all kings

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+rājan)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

तपन्तम् (tapantam) - burning, scorching, blazing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapant

tapant - heating, burning, scorching

present active participle

Root: tap (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun, the sun-maker

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, light-maker

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, splendor
  noun (feminine)
• kara – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to make, do) with agentive suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)