महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-39, verse-23

अथान्यद्धनुरादाय द्रोणपुत्रः प्रतापवान् ।
शैनेयं शरवर्षेण छादयामास भारत ॥२३॥

23. athānyaddhanurādāya droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān ,
śaineyaṁ śaravarṣeṇa chādayāmāsa bhārata.

23. atha anyat dhanuḥ ādāya Droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān
Śaineyam śaravarṣeṇa chādayām āsa Bhārata

23. Bhārata atha pratāpavān Droṇaputraḥ anyat
dhanuḥ ādāya Śaineyam śaravarṣeṇa chādayām āsa

23. O Bhārata, then Droṇa's powerful son (Aśvatthāman), taking another bow, enveloped Śaineya (Sātyaki) with a shower of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अन्यत् (anyat) - another, other

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking up

• द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, glorious

• शैनेयम् (śaineyam) - Sātyaki (Śaineya)

• शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows

• छादयाम् (chādayām) - covered, enveloped

• आस (āsa) - did, became

• भारत (bhārata) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - another, other

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanuḥ

dhanuḥ - bow

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'dā' (to give, take) with prefix 'ā' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Droṇaputra

Droṇaputra - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (Droṇa+putra)

• Droṇa – Droṇa (a warrior teacher in the Mahābhārata)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - powerful, glorious, majestic, splendid

Possessive suffix '-vat' added to 'pratāpa' (power, glory).

शैनेयम् (śaineyam) - Sātyaki (Śaineya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Śaineya

Śaineya - descendant of Śini, Sātyaki

Patronymic from Śini.

शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

छादयाम् (chādayām) - covered, enveloped

(verb)

perfect of chādayām

periphrastic perfect auxiliary part

Part of the periphrastic perfect 'chādayām āsa', formed from the causative stem 'chādaya' of root 'chad'.

Root: chad (class 1)

आस (āsa) - did, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect 'chādayām āsa'.

भारत (bhārata) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Bhārata

Bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from Bharata.