महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-39, verse-18

ततो द्रौणिर्महाराज शरवर्षेण भारत ।
छादयामास तत्सैन्यं समन्ताच्च शरैर्नृपान् ॥१८॥

18. tato drauṇirmahārāja śaravarṣeṇa bhārata ,
chādayāmāsa tatsainyaṁ samantācca śarairnṛpān.

18. tataḥ drauṇiḥ mahārāja śaravarṣeṇa bhārata
chādayāmāsa tat sainyam samantāt ca śaraiḥ nṛpān

18. mahārāja bhārata tataḥ drauṇiḥ śaravarṣeṇa tat
sainyam samantāt ca śaraiḥ nṛpān chādayāmāsa

18. Then, O great king, O Bhārata, Droṇi (Aśvatthāman) covered that army with a shower of arrows, and the kings all around with (more) arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that place

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (Droṇi (son of Droṇa))

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

• छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - he covered, he obscured

• तत् (tat) - that

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, troop

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around, entirely

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• नृपान् (nṛpān) - kings, rulers

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that place

(indeclinable)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (Droṇi (son of Droṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman

Patronymic from Droṇa

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, an Indian

छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - he covered, he obscured

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (periphrastic) (lit) of chad

Root: chad (class 10)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, troop

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, forces

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around, entirely

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

नृपान् (nṛpān) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch, ruler

From nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from √pā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler (from root √pā 'to protect')
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √pā
  Root: pā (class 2)