महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-39, verse-37

अपयाते ततस्तस्मिन्धर्मपुत्रे युधिष्ठिरे ।
द्रोणपुत्रः स्थितो राजन्प्रत्यादेशान्महात्मनः ॥३७॥

37. apayāte tatastasmindharmaputre yudhiṣṭhire ,
droṇaputraḥ sthito rājanpratyādeśānmahātmanaḥ.

37. apayāte tatas tasmin dharmaputre yudhiṣṭhire
droṇaputraḥ sthitaḥ rājan pratyādeśāt mahātmanaḥ

37. rājan tatas tasmin dharmaputre yudhiṣṭhire
apayāte mahātmanaḥ pratyādeśāt droṇaputraḥ sthitaḥ

37. O King, when Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (dharma), had thus departed, Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā) remained, following the command of the great-souled one.

Words meanings summery:

• अपयाते (apayāte) - when (he, Yudhiṣṭhira) had departed (locative absolute) (when departed, in the departed)

• ततस् (tatas) - then, thereupon (indicating sequence) (then, from that, thereupon)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (Yudhiṣṭhira, part of locative absolute construction) (in that, to that)

• धर्मपुत्रे (dharmaputre) - in Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (dharma) (in the son of Dharma)

• युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - in Yudhiṣṭhira (part of locative absolute construction) (in Yudhiṣṭhira)

• द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāmā, Droṇa's son (Droṇa's son)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - remained (in his position) (stood, remained, standing)

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• प्रत्यादेशात् (pratyādeśāt) - from the instruction/command (likely from Droṇa or Duryodhana) (from the command, from the order, from the refusal)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (referring to Droṇa or another superior) (of the great-souled one)

Words meanings and morphology

अपयाते (apayāte) - when (he, Yudhiṣṭhira) had departed (locative absolute) (when departed, in the departed)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of apayāta

apayāta - departed, gone away

Past Passive Participle

Root √yā (to go) with upasarga apa, used actively

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

ततस् (tatas) - then, thereupon (indicating sequence) (then, from that, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (Yudhiṣṭhira, part of locative absolute construction) (in that, to that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धर्मपुत्रे (dharmaputre) - in Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (dharma) (in the son of Dharma)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of Dharma (dharma), Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, sacred duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - in Yudhiṣṭhira (part of locative absolute construction) (in Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava)

द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāmā, Droṇa's son (Droṇa's son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - remained (in his position) (stood, remained, standing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, remained, standing, situated

Past Passive Participle

Root √sthā (to stand), suffix -ta

Root: sthā (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

प्रत्यादेशात् (pratyādeśāt) - from the instruction/command (likely from Droṇa or Duryodhana) (from the command, from the order, from the refusal)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pratyādeśa

pratyādeśa - command, instruction, prohibition, refusal

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: diś (class 6)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (referring to Droṇa or another superior) (of the great-souled one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, a great personality

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)