महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-39, verse-21

सात्यकिस्तु ततः क्रुद्धो द्रौणेः प्रहरतो रणे ।
अर्धचन्द्रेण तीक्ष्णेन धनुश्छित्त्वानदद्भृशम् ॥२१॥

21. sātyakistu tataḥ kruddho drauṇeḥ praharato raṇe ,
ardhacandreṇa tīkṣṇena dhanuśchittvānadadbhṛśam.

21. Sātyaki tu tataḥ kruddhaḥ Drauṇeḥ praharataḥ raṇe
ardhacandreṇa tīkṣṇena dhanuḥ chittvā anadat bhṛśam

21. tu tataḥ kruddhaḥ Sātyaki raṇe praharataḥ Drauṇeḥ
tīkṣṇena ardhacandreṇa dhanuḥ chittvā bhṛśam anadat

21. But then, enraged, Sātyaki, while Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāman) was attacking in battle, cut his bow with a sharp, crescent-shaped arrow and roared loudly.

Words meanings summery:

• सात्यकि (sātyaki) - A Yadava warrior, an ally of the Pāṇḍavas. (Sātyaki)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Aśvatthāman (of Droṇa's son)

• प्रहरतः (praharataḥ) - while he (Aśvatthāman) was attacking (of one striking, of one attacking)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• अर्धचन्द्रेण (ardhacandreṇa) - with a crescent-shaped (arrow)

• तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - with a sharp (arrow)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, after cutting

• अनदत् (anadat) - roared, shouted

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, loudly, vehemently

Words meanings and morphology

सात्यकि (sātyaki) - A Yadava warrior, an ally of the Pāṇḍavas. (Sātyaki)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Sātyaki

Sātyaki - Sātyaki (proper noun)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: krudh (class 4)

द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Aśvatthāman (of Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Drauṇi

Drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman

Patronymic from Droṇa.

प्रहरतः (praharataḥ) - while he (Aśvatthāman) was attacking (of one striking, of one attacking)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of praharat

praharat - striking, attacking, inflicting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'hṛ' with prefix 'pra' and present participle suffix '-at'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Drauṇeḥ.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

अर्धचन्द्रेण (ardhacandreṇa) - with a crescent-shaped (arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ardhacandra

ardhacandra - half-moon, crescent-shaped

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half, part
  adjective (neuter)
• candra – moon, luminous
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to a type of arrow.

तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - with a sharp (arrow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, hot

Note: Agrees with 'ardhacandreṇa'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanuḥ

dhanuḥ - bow

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, after cutting

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'chid' (to cut, divide) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: chid (class 7)

अनदत् (anadat) - roared, shouted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of nad

Root: nad (class 1)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, loudly, vehemently

(indeclinable)