महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-39, verse-22

छिन्नधन्वा ततो द्रौणिः शक्त्या शक्तिमतां वरः ।
सारथिं पातयामास शैनेयस्य रथाद्द्रुतम् ॥२२॥

22. chinnadhanvā tato drauṇiḥ śaktyā śaktimatāṁ varaḥ ,
sārathiṁ pātayāmāsa śaineyasya rathāddrutam.

22. chinnadhanvā tataḥ Drauṇiḥ śaktyā śaktimatām varaḥ
sārathim pātayām āsa Śaineyasya rathāt drutam

22. tataḥ chinnadhanvā Drauṇiḥ śaktimatām varaḥ śaktyā
Śaineyasya sārathim rathāt drutam pātayām āsa

22. Then Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāman), whose bow had been cut, (though he was) the best among the powerful, quickly struck down Śaineya's (Sātyaki's) charioteer from the chariot with a spear.

Words meanings summery:

• छिन्नधन्वा (chinnadhanvā) - one whose bow was cut

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son)

• शक्त्या (śaktyā) - with a spear (a type of weapon) (with a spear, by power)

• शक्तिमताम् (śaktimatām) - of the powerful ones

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• पातयाम् (pātayām) - caused to fall

• आस (āsa) - did, became

• शैनेयस्य (śaineyasya) - of Sātyaki (of Śaineya)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

Words meanings and morphology

छिन्नधन्वा (chinnadhanvā) - one whose bow was cut

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnadhanvan

chinnadhanvan - one whose bow is cut, having a broken bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhanvan)

• chinna – cut, broken, divided
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'chid' (to cut) with suffix '-na'.
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhanvan – bow, archer
  noun (neuter)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Drauṇi

Drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman

Patronymic from Droṇa.

शक्त्या (śaktyā) - with a spear (a type of weapon) (with a spear, by power)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, capability, energy, spear

Root: śak (class 5)

शक्तिमताम् (śaktimatām) - of the powerful ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śaktimat

śaktimat - powerful, mighty, strong

Possessive suffix '-mat' added to 'śakti'.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

Root: vṛ (class 1)

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

पातयाम् (pātayām) - caused to fall

(verb)

perfect of pātayām

periphrastic perfect auxiliary part

Part of the periphrastic perfect 'pātayām āsa', formed from the causative stem 'pātaya' of root 'pat'.

Root: pat (class 1)

आस (āsa) - did, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect 'pātayām āsa'.

शैनेयस्य (śaineyasya) - of Sātyaki (of Śaineya)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Śaineya

Śaineya - descendant of Śini, Sātyaki

Patronymic from Śini.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)