महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-52, verse-21

उपसंग्रहणं कृत्वा द्रोणाय स विशां पते ।
उपोपविश्य प्रणतः पर्यपृच्छदिदं तदा ॥२१॥

21. upasaṁgrahaṇaṁ kṛtvā droṇāya sa viśāṁ pate ,
upopaviśya praṇataḥ paryapṛcchadidaṁ tadā.

21. upasaṃgrahaṇam kṛtvā droṇāya sa viśām pate
upopaviśya praṇataḥ paryapṛcchat idam tadā

21. viśām pate! tadā sa droṇāya upasaṃgrahaṇam kṛtvā,
praṇataḥ upopaviśya,
idam paryapṛcchat.

21. Then, O Lord of people (Dhritarashtra), having paid obeisance to Droṇa, and sitting humbly near him, he (Saindhava) asked this.

Words meanings summery:

• उपसंग्रहणम् (upasaṁgrahaṇam) - act of salutation, obeisance, respectful greeting

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Droṇa

• स (sa) - Jayadratha (he, that)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men

• पते (pate) - O Dhritarashtra (O lord, O master)

• उपोपविश्य (upopaviśya) - having sat near

• प्रणतः (praṇataḥ) - bowed, humble, submissive

• पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - he asked

• इदम् (idam) - the following words/question (this)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

उपसंग्रहणम् (upasaṁgrahaṇam) - act of salutation, obeisance, respectful greeting

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upasaṃgrahaṇa

upasaṁgrahaṇa - salutation, respectful greeting, obeisance (touching feet of elders/teachers)

From root 'grah' (to seize) with prefixes 'upa-' and 'sam-'.

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Droṇa

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (proper name, the guru of Kauravas and Pandavas)

Note: Recipient of the obeisance.

स (sa) - Jayadratha (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'paryapṛcchat'.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, mankind

Note: Part of the compound 'viśām pate'.

पते (pate) - O Dhritarashtra (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector

Note: Address to Dhritarashtra. 'viśām pate' is a vocative compound.

उपोपविश्य (upopaviśya) - having sat near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'viś' (to enter, sit) with prefix 'upa-' (near, towards). The reduplication 'upa-upa' emphasizes sitting very close or repeatedly.

Prefixes: upa+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

प्रणतः (praṇataḥ) - bowed, humble, submissive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇata

praṇata - bowed down, humble, submissive, respectful

Past Passive Participle

From root 'nam' (to bow) with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective describing the state of Saindhava.

पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - he asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pracch

Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada

From root 'pracch' (to ask) with prefix 'pari-'. Root form changes to 'pṛcch' in present/imperfect stem. Augment 'a' for imperfect.

Prefix: pari

Root: pracch (class 6)

Note: Verb of the sentence.

इदम् (idam) - the following words/question (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Object of 'paryapṛcchat'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates time.