महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-52, verse-20

एवमाश्वासितो राजन्पुत्रेण तव सैन्धवः ।
दुर्योधनेन सहितो द्रोणं रात्रावुपागमत् ॥२०॥

20. evamāśvāsito rājanputreṇa tava saindhavaḥ ,
duryodhanena sahito droṇaṁ rātrāvupāgamat.

20. evam āśvāsitaḥ rājan putreṇa tava saindhavaḥ
duryodhanena sahitaḥ droṇam rātrau upāgamat

20. rājan! evam tava putreṇa āśvāsitaḥ saindhavaḥ duryodhanena sahitaḥ rātrau droṇam upāgamat.

20. Thus consoled, O King, the King of Sindhu (Saindhava), accompanied by your son Duryodhana, approached Droṇa at night.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• आश्वासितः (āśvāsitaḥ) - consoled, encouraged

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by Duryodhana (by the son)

• तव (tava) - your

• सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Jayadratha (the king of Sindhu)

• दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by, together with

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Droṇa

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - approached

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies āśvāsitaḥ.

आश्वासितः (āśvāsitaḥ) - consoled, encouraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśvāsita

āśvāsita - consoled, comforted, encouraged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śvas' (to breathe) with upasarga 'ā-'. Causative stem + 'kta'. 'āśvāsayati' means to console. The participle 'āśvāsita' means 'one who has been consoled'.

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective.

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Address to Dhritarashtra.

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by Duryodhana (by the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'āśvāsitaḥ'.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive adjective for 'putreṇa'.

सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Jayadratha (the king of Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - belonging to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, king of Sindhu (Jayadratha)

Derived from 'Sindhu' (name of a river/region) with 'aṇ' suffix denoting origin or relation.

Note: Subject of 'upāgamat'.

दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

Literally 'difficult to fight with' or 'difficult to conquer'.

Note: Goes with 'sahitaḥ'.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by, together with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, together with, connected with

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' (to place) with 'sa-' and 'hi-' (hidden?). More commonly understood as from 'sah' (to endure) or 'hi' (to go) with 'sa'. Here 'sa-' means 'with'.

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (proper name, the guru of Kauravas and Pandavas)

Note: Object of motion for 'upāgamat'.

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Indicates time.

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada

From root 'gam' (to go) with upasarga 'upa-' (towards).

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)