महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-52, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
श्रुत्वा तु तं महाशब्दं पाण्डूनां पुत्रगृद्धिनाम् ।
चारैः प्रवेदिते तत्र समुत्थाय जयद्रथः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
śrutvā tu taṁ mahāśabdaṁ pāṇḍūnāṁ putragṛddhinām ,
cāraiḥ pravedite tatra samutthāya jayadrathaḥ.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca śrutvā tu taṃ mahāśabdaṃ pāṇḍūnāṃ
putragṛddhinām cāraiḥ pravedite tatra samutthāya jayadrathaḥ

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tu pāṇḍūnāṃ putragṛddhinām taṃ mahāśabdaṃ
śrutvā tatra cāraiḥ pravedite jayadrathaḥ samutthāya

1. Sañjaya said: But upon hearing that great sound from the Pāṇḍavas—who were intensely desirous of sons—and being informed of it there by his spies, Jayadratha stood up...

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and reporter)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तं (taṁ) - that (masculine accusative singular)

• महाशब्दं (mahāśabdaṁ) - great sound, mighty roar

• पाण्डूनां (pāṇḍūnāṁ) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• पुत्रगृद्धिनाम् (putragṛddhinām) - of those intensely desirous of sons (of those desiring sons, of those greedy for sons)

• चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies, by messengers

• प्रवेदिते (pravedite) - being informed of it (when informed, having been made known)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, at that place

• समुत्थाय (samutthāya) - having stood up, having arisen

• जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha (name of a king, son-in-law of Dhritarashtra)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and reporter)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of a character in the Mahabharata), complete victory

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (Lit)

From root `vac`. `uvāca` is 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `śru` with suffix `tvā`.

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle.

तं (taṁ) - that (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `mahāśabdaṃ`.

महाशब्दं (mahāśabdaṁ) - great sound, mighty roar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāśabda

mahāśabda - great noise, loud sound, a term for a compound word

Compound `mahā` (great) + `śabda` (sound).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+śabda)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• śabda – sound, word, noise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

पाण्डूनां (pāṇḍūnāṁ) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of the father of the Pāṇḍavas), pale, yellowish-white

Refers to the sons of Pāṇḍu (Pāṇḍavas).

Note: Possessive, referring to the `mahāśabdaṃ`.

पुत्रगृद्धिनाम् (putragṛddhinām) - of those intensely desirous of sons (of those desiring sons, of those greedy for sons)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putragṛddhin

putragṛddhin - desirous of sons, greedy for sons

Compound `putra` (son) + `gṛddhin` (desirous, greedy).

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+gṛddhin)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhin – greedy, covetous, desirous
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `gṛdh` (to be greedy, covet).
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies, by messengers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cara

cara - spy, secret agent, messenger, movement

agent noun

From root `car` (to move, wander).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agent of `pravedite`.

प्रवेदिते (pravedite) - being informed of it (when informed, having been made known)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pravedita

pravedita - announced, declared, informed, made known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `vid` (to know, perceive) in causative form `vedaya` with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the situation being made known.

तत्र (tatra) - there, at that place

(indeclinable)

समुत्थाय (samutthāya) - having stood up, having arisen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `sthā` (to stand) with prefixes `sam` and `ut`. Suffix `ya` for absolutive with prefixes.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha (name of a king, son-in-law of Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Jayadratha (name of a king of Sindhu, husband of Duryodhana's sister Duḥśalā), chariot of victory

Compound `jaya` (victory) + `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied action after "samutthāya".