महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-52, verse-13

एवं विलपमानं तं भयाद्व्याकुलचेतसम् ।
आत्मकार्यगरीयस्त्वाद्राजा दुर्योधनोऽब्रवीत् ॥१३॥

13. evaṁ vilapamānaṁ taṁ bhayādvyākulacetasam ,
ātmakāryagarīyastvādrājā duryodhano'bravīt.

13. evam vilapamānam tam bhayāt vyākulacetasam
ātmakāryagarīyastvāt rājā duryodhanaḥ abravīt

13. rājā duryodhanaḥ evam bhayāt vyākulacetasam
tam vilapamānam ātmakāryagarīyastvāt abravīt

13. To him, thus lamenting, whose mind was agitated by fear, King Duryodhana spoke, due to the great importance of his own task.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• विलपमानम् (vilapamānam) - (him) who was lamenting (lamenting, weeping, bewailing)

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

• व्याकुलचेतसम् (vyākulacetasam) - whose mind is agitated/disturbed

• आत्मकार्यगरीयस्त्वात् (ātmakāryagarīyastvāt) - due to the great importance of his own task

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

विलपमानम् (vilapamānam) - (him) who was lamenting (lamenting, weeping, bewailing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vilapamāna

vilapamāna - lamenting, wailing, weeping

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from the root lap (to speak, lament) with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing 'tam'.

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person speaking the previous verse (presumably Karṇa or another warrior fearing Arjuna).

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Indicates cause.

व्याकुलचेतसम् (vyākulacetasam) - whose mind is agitated/disturbed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyākulacetas

vyākulacetas - one whose mind is agitated/confused

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vyākula+cetas)

• vyākula – agitated, perplexed, disturbed, bewildered
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi-ā-√kul.
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Describes 'tam'.

आत्मकार्यगरीयस्त्वात् (ātmakāryagarīyastvāt) - due to the great importance of his own task

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ātmakāryagarīyastva

ātmakāryagarīyastva - the state of one's own task being very important

Compound of ātman, kārya, garīyas, and the suffix -tva.

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+kārya+garīyas+tva)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• kārya – task, duty, action, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive of root kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• garīyas – heavier, more important, more grievous (comparative of guru)
  adjective (neuter)
  Comparative form of 'guru' (heavy, important).
• tva – suffix for abstract noun (state of being)
  indeclinable (neuter)
  Suffix -tva forms abstract nouns.

Note: Indicates cause.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root brū, class 2.

Root: brū (class 2)