महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-52, verse-24

द्रोण उवाच ।
सममाचार्यकं तात तव चैवार्जुनस्य च ।
योगाद्दुःखोचितत्वाच्च तस्मात्त्वत्तोऽधिकोऽर्जुनः ॥२४॥

24. droṇa uvāca ,
samamācāryakaṁ tāta tava caivārjunasya ca ,
yogādduḥkhocitatvācca tasmāttvatto'dhiko'rjunaḥ.

24. droṇaḥ uvāca samam ācāryakam tāta tava ca eva arjunasya
ca yogāt duḥkhocitatvāt ca tasmāt tvattaḥ adhikaḥ arjunaḥ

24. droṇaḥ uvāca.
tāta,
tava ca arjunasya ca ācāryakam samam eva.
tasmāt yogāt ca duḥkhocitatvāt ca arjunaḥ tvattaḥ adhikaḥ.

24. Droṇa said: 'Dear son, my instruction (ācāryaka) to you and Arjuna was indeed equal. But due to his dedicated practice (yoga) and his suitability for enduring hardship, Arjuna is superior to you.'

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name of the teacher))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• समम् (samam) - equal (equal, same, impartial)

• आचार्यकम् (ācāryakam) - instruction (from me, the teacher) (instruction, teaching, function of a teacher)

• तात (tāta) - dear son (address by Droṇa to the speaker, probably Yudhiṣṭhira or Duryodhana) (dear son, father (vocative))

• तव (tava) - to you (the speaker) (your, of you)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (equal) (indeed, certainly, only)

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• योगात् (yogāt) - due to his dedicated practice (yoga) (from application, from practice (yoga), due to connection)

• दुःखोचितत्वात् (duḥkhocitatvāt) - due to his suitability for enduring hardship (due to suitability for hardship/pain, from being accustomed to suffering)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - than you (from you, than you)

• अधिकः (adhikaḥ) - superior (superior, greater, more, excessive)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name of the teacher))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense (liṭ)

Irregular perfect form of 'vac' (reduplicated 'va' + 'ca').

Root: vac (class 2)

समम् (samam) - equal (equal, same, impartial)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, uniform, impartial

Note: Agrees with ācāryakam.

आचार्यकम् (ācāryakam) - instruction (from me, the teacher) (instruction, teaching, function of a teacher)

(noun)

neuter, singular of ācāryaka

ācāryaka - the office or function of a teacher, instruction, teaching

derived from ācārya (teacher) + ka (suffix for 'relating to' or 'activity of')

तात (tāta) - dear son (address by Droṇa to the speaker, probably Yudhiṣṭhira or Duryodhana) (dear son, father (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear (term of affectionate address, often by elder to younger)

तव (tava) - to you (the speaker) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (equal) (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

योगात् (yogāt) - due to his dedicated practice (yoga) (from application, from practice (yoga), due to connection)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, connection, application, effort, practice (yoga), discipline

Derived from root 'yuj' (to join).

Root: yuj (class 7)

दुःखोचितत्वात् (duḥkhocitatvāt) - due to his suitability for enduring hardship (due to suitability for hardship/pain, from being accustomed to suffering)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkhocitatva

duḥkhocitatva - the state of being accustomed to hardship/pain, suitability for suffering

derived from 'duḥkhocita' + 'tva'

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ucita)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, hardship
  noun (neuter)
• ucita – suitable, proper, accustomed, fit
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vac' (to be suitable) or 'uc' (to be pleased)
  Root: uc (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Used adverbially.

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - than you (from you, than you)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अधिकः (adhikaḥ) - superior (superior, greater, more, excessive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhika

adhika - superior, more, additional, excellent

Note: Qualifies Arjuna.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)