महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-36, verse-28

स तेनातिप्रहारेण व्यथितो विह्वलन्निव ।
संचचाल रणे कर्णः क्षितिकम्पे यथाचलः ॥२८॥

28. sa tenātiprahāreṇa vyathito vihvalanniva ,
saṁcacāla raṇe karṇaḥ kṣitikampe yathācalaḥ.

28. saḥ tena atiprahāreṇa vyathitaḥ vihvalan iva
saṃcacāla raṇe karṇaḥ kṣitikampe yathā acalaḥ

28. saḥ karṇaḥ tena atiprahāreṇa vyathitaḥ vihvalan
iva raṇe kṣitikampe acalaḥ yathā saṃcacāla

28. He, Karṇa, tormented by that tremendous blow, as if reeling, wavered on the battlefield, just as a mountain trembles during an earthquake.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Karṇa) (he, that)

• तेन (tena) - by that (by that, with that)

• अतिप्रहारेण (atiprahāreṇa) - by that tremendous blow (by a great blow, by an excessive strike)

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - tormented (troubled, pained, tormented)

• विह्वलन् (vihvalan) - reeling (reeling, staggering, bewildered)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• संचचाल (saṁcacāla) - he wavered (he trembled, he shook, he wavered)

• रणे (raṇe) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (Karṇa (a proper name))

• क्षितिकम्पे (kṣitikampe) - during an earthquake (in an earthquake, in the shaking of the earth)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• अचलः (acalaḥ) - a mountain (immobile, mountain)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Karṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa, the subject.

तेन (tena) - by that (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the previous arrow.

अतिप्रहारेण (atiprahāreṇa) - by that tremendous blow (by a great blow, by an excessive strike)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of atiprahāra

atiprahāra - great blow, severe strike, violent assault

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+prahāra)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively, very
  indeclinable
• prahāra – blow, stroke, assault
  noun (masculine)
  From root hṛ with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of Karṇa's suffering.

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - tormented (troubled, pained, tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - disturbed, agitated, pained, distressed, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From root vyath (to tremble, be distressed) with kta suffix.

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying Karṇa.

विह्वलन् (vihvalan) - reeling (reeling, staggering, bewildered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihvalat

vihvalat - reeling, staggering, bewildered, distraught

Present Active Participle

From root hval (to move crookedly, stumble) with prefix vi-, and śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: hval (class 1)

Note: Present participle modifying Karṇa.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

संचचाल (saṁcacāla) - he wavered (he trembled, he shook, he wavered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of cal

Perfect 3rd singular active from root cal with prefix sam- (reduplicated for perfect tense).

Prefix: sam

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

रणे (raṇe) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (Karṇa (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (name of a warrior in the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject (named explicitly).

क्षितिकम्पे (kṣitikampe) - during an earthquake (in an earthquake, in the shaking of the earth)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣitikampa

kṣitikampa - earthquake, shaking of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣiti+kampa)

• kṣiti – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• kampa – trembling, shaking
  noun (masculine)
  From root kamp (to tremble)
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Locative of time/circumstance.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अचलः (acalaḥ) - a mountain (immobile, mountain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immobile, stationary; a mountain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+cala)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• cala – moving, shaking, trembling
  adjective (masculine)
  From root cal (to move)
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Subject of comparison.