महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-36, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तां प्रभग्नां चमूं दृष्ट्वा सौभद्रेणामितौजसा ।
दुर्योधनो भृशं क्रुद्धः स्वयं सौभद्रमभ्ययात् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tāṁ prabhagnāṁ camūṁ dṛṣṭvā saubhadreṇāmitaujasā ,
duryodhano bhṛśaṁ kruddhaḥ svayaṁ saubhadramabhyayāt.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tām prabhagnām camūm dṛṣṭvā saubhadreṇa amitaujasā
duryodhanaḥ bhṛśam kruddhaḥ svayam saubhadram abhyayāt

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca amitaujasā saubhadreṇa prabhagnām tām camūm
dṛṣṭvā duryodhanaḥ bhṛśam kruddhaḥ svayam saubhadram abhyayāt

1. Saṃjaya said: Having seen that army routed by Abhimanyu (Saubhadra), who possessed immeasurable prowess, Duryodhana, greatly enraged, himself advanced towards Abhimanyu (Saubhadra).

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine singular)

• प्रभग्नाम् (prabhagnām) - routed, broken, shattered

• चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सौभद्रेण (saubhadreṇa) - Refers to Abhimanyu. (by the son of Subhadrā, by Abhimanyu)

• अमितौजसा (amitaujasā) - of immeasurable prowess, of irresistible energy

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, by himself

• सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Refers to Abhimanyu. (to the son of Subhadrā, to Abhimanyu)

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he went towards, he approached

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (charioteer and advisor to Dhritarashtra)

From sam + ji (to conquer).

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (Lit), 3rd person singular, Active voice (Parasmaipada)

Irregular perfect form from vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Past tense, 'he said'.

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to camūm.

प्रभग्नाम् (prabhagnām) - routed, broken, shattered

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, shattered, routed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root bhañj (to break) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying camūm.

चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host, troop

ū-ending feminine noun.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) with ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सौभद्रेण (saubhadreṇa) - Refers to Abhimanyu. (by the son of Subhadrā, by Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu)

Patronymic derived from subhadrā.

Note: Agent of the action of routing the army.

अमितौजसा (amitaujasā) - of immeasurable prowess, of irresistible energy

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amitaujas

amitaujas - of immeasurable energy or prowess

Compound of amita (immeasurable) and ojas (prowess, energy).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (amita+ojas)

• amita – immeasurable, unbounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle (negative)
  a (not) + mita (measured). From mā (to measure).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• ojas – vigor, strength, power, prowess
  noun (neuter)
  s-stem neuter noun.

Note: Agrees with saubhadreṇa.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (chief of the Kauravas)

Compound dur (bad, difficult) + yodhana (fighter).

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛdh (to be angry).

Root: kṛdh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with duryodhanaḥ.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, by himself

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Refers to Abhimanyu. (to the son of Subhadrā, to Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu)

Patronymic derived from subhadrā.

Note: Object of abhyayāt.

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he went towards, he approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyā

Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person singular, Active voice (Parasmaipada)

Root i (to go) with prefixes abhi (towards, against).

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the action.