महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-36, verse-12

ततस्ते कोपितास्तेन शरैराशीविषोपमैः ।
परिवव्रुर्जिघांसन्तः सौभद्रमपलायिनम् ॥१२॥

12. tataste kopitāstena śarairāśīviṣopamaiḥ ,
parivavrurjighāṁsantaḥ saubhadramapalāyinam.

12. tataḥ te kopitāḥ tena śaraiḥ āśīviṣopamaiḥ
parivavruḥ jighāṃsantaḥ saubhadram apalāyinam

12. tataḥ te tena āśīviṣopamaiḥ śaraiḥ kopitāḥ,
jighāṃsantaḥ apalāyinam saubhadram parivavruḥ.

12. Then, enraged by him (Abhimanyu) and by his arrows resembling venomous snakes, those (warriors) surrounded Subhadra's son (saubhadra), who did not retreat, intending to kill him.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• ते (te) - those (warriors) (they, those)

• कोपिताः (kopitāḥ) - enraged (angered, enraged, provoked)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Abhimanyu) (by him, by that)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• आशीविषोपमैः (āśīviṣopamaiḥ) - like venomous snakes (referring to the arrows) (like venomous snakes, comparable to venomous snakes)

• परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they enveloped)

• जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - desiring to kill (desiring to kill, intending to slay)

• सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Abhimanyu (son of Subhadra) (son of Subhadra)

• अपलायिनम् (apalāyinam) - unretreating (Abhimanyu) (unretreating, not fleeing)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of 'tad' used as an adverb.

ते (te) - those (warriors) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Nominative plural masculine.

कोपिताः (kopitāḥ) - enraged (angered, enraged, provoked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kopita

kopita - angered, provoked, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kup' (to be angry) with suffix '-ita'.

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Nominative plural masculine.

तेन (tena) - by him (Abhimanyu) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Instrumental singular masculine of 'tad'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Instrumental plural. Here, instrumental of cause/means, indicating what enraged them or by which he fought.

आशीविषोपमैः (āśīviṣopamaiḥ) - like venomous snakes (referring to the arrows) (like venomous snakes, comparable to venomous snakes)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśīviṣopama

āśīviṣopama - comparable to venomous snakes

From 'āśīviṣa' (venomous snake) + 'upama' (likeness, comparison).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āśīviṣa+upama)

• āśīviṣa – venomous snake (whose venom is in its fangs)
  noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, comparison, simile, similar
  adjective/noun

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with 'śaraiḥ'.

परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they enveloped)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vṛ

Perfect tense

Root 'vṛ' (class 5/9), with prefix 'pari'. Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person plural. Reduplication 'va-vṛ'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - desiring to kill (desiring to kill, intending to slay)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jighāṃsat

jighāṁsat - desiring to kill

Present Active Participle (desiderative)

Desiderative stem 'jighāṃsa' of root 'han' (to strike, kill), with suffix '-at'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Nominative plural masculine.

सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Abhimanyu (son of Subhadra) (son of Subhadra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadra, Abhimanyu

Patronymic from 'subhadrā'.

Note: Accusative singular.

अपलायिनम् (apalāyinam) - unretreating (Abhimanyu) (unretreating, not fleeing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apalāyin

apalāyin - not fleeing, unretreating, steady

Agent Noun / Participle

From 'a' (not) + 'palāyin' (one who flees). Root 'lī' with prefix 'palā'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+palāyin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• palāyin – fleeing, running away
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'lī' with prefix 'palā' (to flee).
  Prefix: palā
  Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with 'saubhadram'.