महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-156, verse-10

तामापतन्तीं दृष्ट्वैव गदां रोहिणिनन्दनः ।
प्रतिघातार्थमस्त्रं वै स्थूणाकर्णमवासृजत् ॥१०॥

10. tāmāpatantīṁ dṛṣṭvaiva gadāṁ rohiṇinandanaḥ ,
pratighātārthamastraṁ vai sthūṇākarṇamavāsṛjat.

10. tām āpatantīm dṛṣṭvā eva gadām rohiṇīnandanaḥ
pratighātārtham astram vai sthūṇākarṇam avāsṛjat

10. rohiṇīnandanaḥ āpatantīm tām gadām dṛṣṭvā eva
pratighātārtham sthūṇākarṇam astram vai avāsṛjat

10. Immediately upon seeing that falling mace, the son of Rohiṇī (Balarāma) indeed released the Sthūṇākarṇa weapon for its counteraction.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (mace) (that (feminine, accusative))

• आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - falling, descending

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• एव (eva) - emphasizes immediacy: 'immediately upon seeing' (just, only, indeed, certainly)

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

• रोहिणीनन्दनः (rohiṇīnandanaḥ) - Balarāma, the son of Rohiṇī (son of Rohiṇī)

• प्रतिघातार्थम् (pratighātārtham) - for the purpose of counteracting/repelling

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile, projectile

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• स्थूणाकर्णम् (sthūṇākarṇam) - The specific weapon named Sthūṇākarṇa (Sthūṇākarṇa (name of a weapon))

• अवासृजत् (avāsṛjat) - released, cast, let go

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (mace) (that (feminine, accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - falling, descending

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpatantī

āpatantī - falling, descending, coming down

Present Active Participle

Derived from ā-√pat (to fall, to descend)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Derived from √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एव (eva) - emphasizes immediacy: 'immediately upon seeing' (just, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club, iron rod

रोहिणीनन्दनः (rohiṇīnandanaḥ) - Balarāma, the son of Rohiṇī (son of Rohiṇī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rohiṇīnandana

rohiṇīnandana - son of Rohiṇī, Balarāma

Compound of 'Rohiṇī' (name) and 'nandana' (son)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rohiṇī+nandana)

• rohiṇī – Rohiṇī (name of Balarāma's mother, a star, a cow)
  proper noun (feminine)
• nandana – son, child, delight, rejoicer
  noun (masculine)
  From √nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

प्रतिघातार्थम् (pratighātārtham) - for the purpose of counteracting/repelling

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratighātārtha

pratighātārtha - for the purpose of striking back, for repelling, for counteraction

Compound formed from 'pratighāta' and 'artha'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratighāta+artha)

• pratighāta – counteraction, repelling, striking back, obstruction
  noun (masculine)
  From prati-√han (to strike against, repel)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: han (class 2)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: The accusative ending indicates purpose when 'artha' is used.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile, projectile

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, dart, projectile

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

स्थूणाकर्णम् (sthūṇākarṇam) - The specific weapon named Sthūṇākarṇa (Sthūṇākarṇa (name of a weapon))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthūṇākarṇa

sthūṇākarṇa - Sthūṇākarṇa (name of a weapon; lit. 'pillar-eared' or 'pillar-handle')

Compound of 'sthūṇā' and 'karṇa', but functions as a proper noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sthūṇā+karṇa)

• sthūṇā – pillar, post, column
  noun (feminine)
• karṇa – ear, handle, helm
  noun (masculine)

अवासृजत् (avāsṛjat) - released, cast, let go

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of avāsṛjat

Imperfect tense

Imperfect active, 3rd person, singular of ava-√sṛj

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)