महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-156, verse-1

अर्जुन उवाच ।
कथमस्मद्धितार्थं ते कैश्च योगैर्जनार्दन ।
जरासंधप्रभृतयो घातिताः पृथिवीष्वराः ॥१॥

1. arjuna uvāca ,
kathamasmaddhitārthaṁ te kaiśca yogairjanārdana ,
jarāsaṁdhaprabhṛtayo ghātitāḥ pṛthivīṣvarāḥ.

1. arjunaḥ uvāca katham asmaddhitārtham te kaiḥ ca yogaiḥ
janārdana jarāsandhaprabhṛtayaḥ ghātitāḥ pṛthivīśvarāḥ

1. janārdana asmaddhitārtham te kaiḥ ca yogaiḥ
jarāsandhaprabhṛtayaḥ pṛthivīśvarāḥ katham ghātitāḥ arjunaḥ uvāca

1. Arjuna said: 'O Janārdana, how and by what means (yoga) were kings headed by Jarāsandha killed for our welfare?'

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• अस्मद्धितार्थम् (asmaddhitārtham) - for our welfare (for our welfare, for our benefit)

• ते (te) - by you (referring to Janārdana/Krishna) (by you (singular, honorific or familiar), by them (plural), to you (dative/genitive))

• कैः (kaiḥ) - by what (means) (by whom, by what (plural))

• च (ca) - and (or implicitly "by what other means") (and, also)

• योगैः (yogaiḥ) - by what means (yoga) (by means, by methods, by strategies, by applications (yoga))

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (O Janārdana (epithet of Krishna), O remover of the distress of people)

• जरासन्धप्रभृतयः (jarāsandhaprabhṛtayaḥ) - kings headed by Jarāsandha (Jarāsandha and others, those headed by Jarāsandha)

• घातिताः (ghātitāḥ) - were killed (caused to be killed, slain)

• पृथिवीश्वराः (pṛthivīśvarāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, Perfect (Lit) 3rd person singular. Formed irregularly.

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

अस्मद्धितार्थम् (asmaddhitārtham) - for our welfare (for our welfare, for our benefit)

(indeclinable)

Compound. The final '-am' indicates adverbial accusative.

Compound type : tatpurusha (asmad+hita+artha)

• asmad – our, us (first person plural pronoun stem)
  pronoun
• hita – welfare, good, benefit
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (verbal adjective)
  Root dhā (to place) + ta. Hita also means 'placed, good'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

ते (te) - by you (referring to Janārdana/Krishna) (by you (singular, honorific or familiar), by them (plural), to you (dative/genitive))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun stem)

Note: Enclitic instrumental form.

कैः (kaiḥ) - by what (means) (by whom, by what (plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Agrees with yogaiḥ.

च (ca) - and (or implicitly "by what other means") (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'katham' (how) and 'kaiḥ yogaiḥ' (by what means).

योगैः (yogaiḥ) - by what means (yoga) (by means, by methods, by strategies, by applications (yoga))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yoga

yoga - union, effort, means, strategy, application, practice, meditation (yoga)

From root yuj (to join, connect).

Root: yuj (class 7)

जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (O Janārdana (epithet of Krishna), O remover of the distress of people)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janārdana (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa), one who agitates or punishes people (for their sins), one who is worshipped by people

From jana (people) and ardana (agitating, punishing).

जरासन्धप्रभृतयः (jarāsandhaprabhṛtayaḥ) - kings headed by Jarāsandha (Jarāsandha and others, those headed by Jarāsandha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jarāsandhaprabhṛti

jarāsandhaprabhṛti - Jarāsandha and others, beginning with Jarāsandha

Compound: Jarāsandha + prabhṛti (beginning, etc.).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jarāsandha+prabhṛti)

• jarāsandha – Jarāsandha (name of a king of Magadha)
  proper noun (masculine)
• prabhṛti – beginning, source, and so on, etc., headed by
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Refers to the kings.

घातिताः (ghātitāḥ) - were killed (caused to be killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghātita

ghātita - killed, caused to be killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative stem of root han (to kill) + ta.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with jarāsandhaprabhṛtayaḥ pṛthivīśvarāḥ.

पृथिवीश्वराः (pṛthivīśvarāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛthivīśvara

pṛthivīśvara - lord of the earth, king, monarch

Compound of pṛthivī (earth) + īśvara (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthivī+īśvara)

• pṛthivī – earth, world
  noun (feminine)
• īśvara – lord, master, king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of ghātitāḥ.