महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-125, verse-6

परुषाणि सभामध्ये प्रोक्तवान्यः स्म पाण्डवान् ।
स कर्णो निर्जितः संख्ये सैन्धवश्च निपातितः ॥६॥

6. paruṣāṇi sabhāmadhye proktavānyaḥ sma pāṇḍavān ,
sa karṇo nirjitaḥ saṁkhye saindhavaśca nipātitaḥ.

6. paruṣāṇi sabhāmadhye proktavān yaḥ sma pāṇḍavān sa
karṇaḥ nirjitaḥ saṃkhye saindhavaḥ ca nipātitaḥ

6. yaḥ sabhāmadhye pāṇḍavān paruṣāṇi proktavān sma,
sa karṇaḥ saṃkhye nirjitaḥ ca saindhavaḥ nipātitaḥ

6. That Karṇa, who spoke harsh words to the Pāṇḍavas in the midst of the assembly, was defeated in combat, and the king of Sindhu (Jayadratha) was struck down.

Words meanings summery:

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh, rough, cruel (words))

• सभामध्ये (sabhāmadhye) - in the midst of the assembly, in the assembly hall

• प्रोक्तवान् (proktavān) - he spoke, having spoken

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (used with present to indicate past)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

• स (sa) - that, he

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name)

• निर्जितः (nirjitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

• सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Jayadratha, as the king of Sindhu. (belonging to Sindhu, king of Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu)

• च (ca) - and

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down, felled, thrown down

Words meanings and morphology

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh, rough, cruel (words))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Qualifies implied 'vacanāni' (words).

सभामध्ये (sabhāmadhye) - in the midst of the assembly, in the assembly hall

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sabhāmadhya

sabhāmadhya - midst of the assembly, assembly hall

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sabhā+madhya)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, midst, center
  noun (neuter)

प्रोक्तवान् (proktavān) - he spoke, having spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of proktavat

proktavat - having spoken, one who spoke

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with upasarga 'pra', forming past active participle with suffix 'ktavat'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, inasmuch as

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (used with present to indicate past)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions to mark the preceding participle as past.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Note: Object of 'proktavān'.

स (sa) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (son of Kuntī and Sūrya, a prominent figure in the Mahābhārata)

निर्जितः (nirjitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirjita

nirjita - defeated, conquered, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ji' with upasarga 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇaḥ'.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, combat, fight

सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Jayadratha, as the king of Sindhu. (belonging to Sindhu, king of Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - of or belonging to Sindhu; an inhabitant or king of Sindhu; Jayadratha

Derived from Sindhu, indicating a connection to the Sindhu region.

Note: Refers to Jayadratha.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down, felled, thrown down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, thrown down, caused to fall

Causative Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall) with upasarga 'ni', in causative form, then past passive participle.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saindhavaḥ'.