महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-125, verse-18

सोऽहं रुधिरसिक्ताङ्गं राज्ञां मध्ये पितामहम् ।
शयानं नाशकं त्रातुं भीष्ममायोधने हतम् ॥१८॥

18. so'haṁ rudhirasiktāṅgaṁ rājñāṁ madhye pitāmaham ,
śayānaṁ nāśakaṁ trātuṁ bhīṣmamāyodhane hatam.

18. saḥ aham rudhirasiktāṅgam rājñām madhye pitāmaham
śayānam na aśakam trātum bhīṣmam āyodhane hatam

18. saḥ aham rudhirasiktāṅgam rājñām madhye śayānam
āyodhane hatam pitāmaham bhīṣmam trātum na aśakam

18. Such was I that I could not save grandfather Bhishma, who was lying among the kings with his limbs drenched in blood, having been slain in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he, such

• अहम् (aham) - I, myself

• रुधिरसिक्ताङ्गम् (rudhirasiktāṅgam) - describing Bhishma's state on the battlefield (whose limbs are bathed in blood, covered in blood)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of, amidst, among

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhishma, the paternal grandfather of the Kuru princes (grandfather)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying on the battlefield, grievously wounded (lying, sleeping)

• न (na) - not

• अशकम् (aśakam) - I was able (to do), I could (do)

• त्रातुम् (trātum) - to save, to protect

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - the great warrior Bhishma, paternal grandfather of the Kauravas and Pandavas (Bhishma (proper noun))

• आयोधने (āyodhane) - in battle, in the battlefield

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain, struck

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he, such

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as a demonstrative pronoun, referring to the speaker in a self-deprecating manner.

अहम् (aham) - I, myself

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Refers to the speaker.

रुधिरसिक्ताङ्गम् (rudhirasiktāṅgam) - describing Bhishma's state on the battlefield (whose limbs are bathed in blood, covered in blood)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudhirasiktāṅga

rudhirasiktāṅga - having limbs bathed in blood, blood-soaked

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rudhira+sikta+aṅga)

• rudhira – blood
  noun (neuter)
• sikta – sprinkled, bathed, drenched
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sic + kta suffix
  Root: sic (class 6)
• aṅga – limb, body part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of, amidst, among

(indeclinable)

Locative form used as an indeclinable

Note: Functions as a postposition with the genitive case.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhishma, the paternal grandfather of the Kuru princes (grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahma

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying on the battlefield, grievously wounded (lying, sleeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayana

śayana - lying down, sleeping

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śī (to lie down) + śānac suffix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अशकम् (aśakam) - I was able (to do), I could (do)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The 'a' prefix indicates the past imperfect tense.

त्रातुम् (trātum) - to save, to protect

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of the root trā

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: Infinitive used to express purpose or ability.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - the great warrior Bhishma, paternal grandfather of the Kauravas and Pandavas (Bhishma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - formidable, terrible, Bhishma

Note: Object of 'trātum'.

आयोधने (āyodhane) - in battle, in the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āyodhana

āyodhana - battle, combat, battlefield

Derived from ā-yudh (to fight)

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain, struck

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han + kta suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma.