महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-125, verse-29

यो हि मित्रमविज्ञाय याथातथ्येन मन्दधीः ।
मित्रार्थे योजयत्येनं तस्य सोऽर्थोऽवसीदति ॥२९॥

29. yo hi mitramavijñāya yāthātathyena mandadhīḥ ,
mitrārthe yojayatyenaṁ tasya so'rtho'vasīdati.

29. yaḥ hi mitram avijñāya yāthātathyena mandadhīḥ
mitrārthe yojayati enam tasya saḥ arthaḥ avasīdati

29. mandadhīḥ yaḥ hi yāthātathyena mitram avijñāya
mitrārthe enam yojayati tasya saḥ arthaḥ avasīdati

29. Indeed, a foolish person who employs someone for the sake of a friend without truly knowing that person's true nature, his purpose comes to naught.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

• अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without truly knowing (without knowing, not having recognized)

• याथातथ्येन (yāthātathyena) - truly, in reality (truly, really, in accordance with reality)

• मन्दधीः (mandadhīḥ) - foolish-minded person (foolish, dull-witted)

• मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend

• योजयति (yojayati) - employs (employs, assigns, yokes)

• एनम् (enam) - him (the unknown person) (him, this one)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (his, of him, its)

• सः (saḥ) - that (purpose) (that, he)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose (purpose, meaning, wealth, object)

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - fails, comes to naught (sinks down, perishes, fails)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion; sun god Mitra

अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without truly knowing (without knowing, not having recognized)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root jñā (to know) with prefix vi- and negative prefix a-, forming an absolutive. The -ya suffix indicates absolutive for verbs with prefixes.

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

याथातथ्येन (yāthātathyena) - truly, in reality (truly, really, in accordance with reality)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yāthātathya

yāthātathya - reality, truth, true state of things

From yathātatha (as it is) + -ya (abstract suffix)

मन्दधीः (mandadhīḥ) - foolish-minded person (foolish, dull-witted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandadhī

mandadhī - dull-witted, foolish, slow of understanding

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+dhī)

• manda – dull, slow, foolish, weak
  adjective
• dhī – intellect, thought, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to 'he who is foolish-minded'

मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mitrārtha

mitrārtha - purpose of a friend, for a friend's sake

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+artha)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative indicates 'for the purpose of/sake of'

योजयति (yojayati) - employs (employs, assigns, yokes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yuj

causative present active

Causative form of root yuj. Base is yojay (from yuj + ṇic suffix), then present tense ending.

Root: yuj (class 7)

एनम् (enam) - him (the unknown person) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that

Note: Anaphoric pronoun, referring to 'mitram' (which is neuter but here refers to a person)

तस्य (tasya) - his (his, of him, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सः (saḥ) - that (purpose) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose (purpose, meaning, wealth, object)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, object, advantage

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - fails, comes to naught (sinks down, perishes, fails)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avasīd

present active

From root sad (to sit, sink) with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)