महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-111, verse-19

आगच्छतस्तान्सहसा भीमो राजन्महारथः ।
साश्वसूतध्वजान्यत्तान्पातयामास संयुगे ।
ते हता न्यपतन्भूमौ वातनुन्ना इव द्रुमाः ॥१९॥

19. āgacchatastānsahasā bhīmo rājanmahārathaḥ ,
sāśvasūtadhvajānyattānpātayāmāsa saṁyuge ,
te hatā nyapatanbhūmau vātanunnā iva drumāḥ.

19. āgacchatas tān sahasā bhīmaḥ rājan
mahārathaḥ sāśvasūtadhvajān yattān
pātayāmāsa saṃyuge te hatāḥ
nyapatan bhūmau vātanunnāḥ iva drumāḥ

19. rājan bhīmaḥ mahārathaḥ sahasā
āgacchataḥ tān sāśvasūtadhvajān yattān
saṃyuge pātayāmāsa te hatāḥ
vātanunnāḥ drumāḥ iva bhūmau nyapatan

19. O King, Bhima, the great charioteer, suddenly caused those attacking warriors, along with their horses, charioteers, and banners, to fall in battle. Struck down, they dropped to the earth like trees uprooted by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• आगच्छतस् (āgacchatas) - of those coming, approaching

• तान् (tān) - those

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, great warrior

• साश्वसूतध्वजान् (sāśvasūtadhvajān) - those with their horses, charioteers, and banners

• यत्तान् (yattān) - those who were ready, prepared, engaged (in fighting/attacking)

• पातयामास (pātayāmāsa) - caused to fall, threw down

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in engagement

• ते (te) - they

• हताः (hatāḥ) - struck down, killed

• न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - fell down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• वातनुन्नाः (vātanunnāḥ) - wind-driven, uprooted by wind

• इव (iva) - like, as

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

Words meanings and morphology

आगच्छतस् (āgacchatas) - of those coming, approaching

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āgacchat

āgacchat - coming, approaching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `gam` with prefix `ā-`, in present tense, active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here in the sense of "of those who were coming" or "of the approaching ones".

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

(indeclinable)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; name of the second Pandava brother

Root: bhī (class 3)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, great warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (maha+ratha)

• maha – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Bhima.

साश्वसूतध्वजान् (sāśvasūtadhvajān) - those with their horses, charioteers, and banners

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāśvasūtadhvaja

sāśvasūtadhvaja - accompanied by horses, charioteers, and banners

Bahuvrīhi compound with `sa` (with) and a dvandva compound `aśvasūtadhvaja`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+aśva+sūta+dhvaja)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sūta – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `tān`.

यत्तान् (yattān) - those who were ready, prepared, engaged (in fighting/attacking)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, engaged, restrained

Past Passive Participle

From root `yam` (to restrain, control). Here, "prepared" or "engaged (in battle)".

Root: yam (class 1)

पातयामास (pātayāmāsa) - caused to fall, threw down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of pātayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect

Formed with `āmāsa` (perfect of `as`) after the stem `pātayā`.

Root: pat (class 1)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in engagement

(noun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, engagement, war

From `sam-yuj` (to join together).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

हताः (hatāḥ) - struck down, killed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - struck, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root `han` (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of ni-pat

Imperfect

Root `pat` with prefix `ni-`. 3rd person plural.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

वातनुन्नाः (vātanunnāḥ) - wind-driven, uprooted by wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vātanunna

vātanunna - driven by wind, agitated by wind

Tatpuruṣa compound: `vātena nunnāḥ` (driven by wind). `Nunnā` is PPP of `nud`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+nunna)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• nunna – driven, pushed, thrown
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `nud` (to push, drive).
  Root: nud (class 6)

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree