महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-111, verse-10

तामापतन्तीं सहसा गदां दृष्ट्वा वृकोदरः ।
शरैरवारयद्राजन्सर्वसैन्यस्य पश्यतः ॥१०॥

10. tāmāpatantīṁ sahasā gadāṁ dṛṣṭvā vṛkodaraḥ ,
śarairavārayadrājansarvasainyasya paśyataḥ.

10. tām āpatantīm sahasā gadām dṛṣṭvā vṛkodaraḥ
śaraiḥ avārayat rājan sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ

10. rājan vṛkodaraḥ sahasā āpatantīm tām gadām
dṛṣṭvā śaraiḥ avārayat sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ

10. O King, seeing that mace suddenly approaching, Vṛkodara (Bhīma) warded it off with arrows, while the entire army watched.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that mace (that)

• आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - the mace rapidly approaching (rapidly approaching, falling down, descending)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, violently, with force

• गदाम् (gadām) - the mace Karna threw (mace, club)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Bhīma, known for his huge appetite (Vṛkodara (Bhīma), wolf-bellied)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - averted, repelled, warded off

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army, of all the troops

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while the entire army was watching (while watching, observing, seeing)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that mace (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - the mace rapidly approaching (rapidly approaching, falling down, descending)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - falling towards, approaching, descending

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat with prefix ā, in feminine singular accusative form.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, violently, with force

(indeclinable)

Instrumental case of sahas used adverbially.

गदाम् (gadām) - the mace Karna threw (mace, club)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived with the suffix -tvā from root dṛś (which uses dṛśya or paśya stem).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Bhīma, known for his huge appetite (Vṛkodara (Bhīma), wolf-bellied)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied; Vṛkodara (an epithet of Bhīma)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 9)

अवारयत् (avārayat) - averted, repelled, warded off

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect (Laṅ) tense, 3rd person singular active (causal)

Derived with prefix ava, 'a' is augment for imperfect. Causal form of root vṛ.

Prefix: ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army, of all the troops

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - entire army, all the troops

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, whole, entire, every
  adjective
• sainya – army, troops, host
  noun (neuter)

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while the entire army was watching (while watching, observing, seeing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, watching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (which substitutes 'paśya' for present stem) in masculine singular genitive form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)