महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-23, verse-42

संकरो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च ।
पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥४२॥

42. saṁkaro narakāyaiva kulaghnānāṁ kulasya ca ,
patanti pitaro hyeṣāṁ luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ.

42. saṅkaraḥ narakāya eva kulaghnānām kulasya ca
patanti pitaraḥ hi eṣām luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ

42. saṅkaraḥ kulaghnānām kulasya ca narakāya eva
patanti hi eṣām pitaraḥ luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ

42. This intermingling of social classes (varṇasaṅkara) leads only to hell (naraka) for the family destroyers and for the family itself. Indeed, the ancestors of such families fall down (from their celestial abodes), being deprived of the rites of food and water offerings (piṇḍodakakriyā).

Words meanings summery:

• सङ्करः (saṅkaraḥ) - intermingling, confusion (varṇasaṅkara)

• नरकाय (narakāya) - for hell (naraka), to hell

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• कुलघ्नानाम् (kulaghnānām) - of the family destroyers

• कुलस्य (kulasya) - of the family

• च (ca) - and

• पतन्ति (patanti) - fall, fall down

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors, fathers

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (families)

• लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः (luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ) - those for whom the rites of food and water offerings are lost/deprived

Words meanings and morphology

सङ्करः (saṅkaraḥ) - intermingling, confusion (varṇasaṅkara)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅkara

saṅkara - mixing, confusion, intermixture (often of social classes)

Prefix sam + root kṛ + -a

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'leads' or 'is'.

नरकाय (narakāya) - for hell (naraka), to hell

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, Hades, underworld (naraka)

Note: Indicates purpose or destination.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

कुलघ्नानाम् (kulaghnānām) - of the family destroyers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kulaghna

kulaghna - destroyer of a family

Compound: kula (family) + ghna (killer/destroyer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+ghna)

• kula – family, lineage
  noun (neuter)
• ghna – slaying, killing, destroying (agent noun)
  noun (masculine)
  Root han + -na
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses possession or relation.

कुलस्य (kulasya) - of the family

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan

Note: Expresses possession or relation.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kulaghnānām' and 'kulasya'.

पतन्ति (patanti) - fall, fall down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Indicative

Root pat (1P)

Root: pat (class 1)

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors, fathers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Subject of 'patanti'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (families)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Possessive, refers to the families of 'kulaghnānām' and 'kulasya'.

लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः (luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ) - those for whom the rites of food and water offerings are lost/deprived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of luptapiṇḍodakakriyā

luptapiṇḍodakakriyā - those for whom the offerings of food and water are lost

A Bahuvrīhi compound describing 'pitaraḥ'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (lupta+piṇḍodaka+kriyā)

• lupta – lost, stopped, neglected, disappeared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root lup + -ta
  Root: lup (class 6)
• piṇḍodaka – food offerings (piṇḍa) and water offerings (udaka)
  noun (neuter)
  A Dvandva compound meaning 'balls of rice and water'.
• kriyā – rite, ritual, action, ceremony
  noun (feminine)
  Root kṛ + -ya + -ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'pitaraḥ'.