महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-23, verse-12

तस्य संजनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥१२॥

12. tasya saṁjanayanharṣaṁ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ ,
siṁhanādaṁ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṁ dadhmau pratāpavān.

12. tasya saṃjanayan harṣam kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ
siṃhanādam vinadya uccaiḥ śaṅkham dadhmau pratāpavān

12. tasya harṣam saṃjanayan pratāpavān kuruvṛddhaḥ
pitāmahaḥ uccaiḥ siṃhanādam vinadya śaṅkham dadhmau

12. Then, the glorious grandfather (Bhishma), the elder of the Kuru dynasty, causing joy to him (Duryodhana), roared a lion's roar loudly and blew his conch.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - to him (Duryodhana) (his, of him, to him)

• संजनयन् (saṁjanayan) - causing, generating (joy) (causing to be born, producing, generating, causing)

• हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy (joy, delight, elation)

• कुरुवृद्धः (kuruvṛddhaḥ) - the elder of the Kuru (dynasty) (the old Kuru, elder of the Kurus)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandfather (Bhishma) (grandfather)

• सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - a lion's roar (lion's roar)

• विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared (a lion's roar) (having roared, having sounded)

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly (loudly, highly, upwards)

• शङ्खम् (śaṅkham) - conch (shell) (conch, conch shell)

• दध्मौ (dadhmau) - blew (his conch) (blew, sounded)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - the glorious one (glorious, powerful, majestic)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - to him (Duryodhana) (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions as the recipient of the joy.

संजनयन् (saṁjanayan) - causing, generating (joy) (causing to be born, producing, generating, causing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjanayat

saṁjanayat - causing to be born, producing, generating

Present Active Participle

From root jan (to be born) with prefix sam, causative form.

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy (joy, delight, elation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, elation

From root hṛṣ (to be excited).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कुरुवृद्धः (kuruvṛddhaḥ) - the elder of the Kuru (dynasty) (the old Kuru, elder of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuruvṛddha

kuruvṛddha - old Kuru, elder of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+vṛddha)

• kuru – a Kuru (member of the Kuru dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, venerable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Bhishma.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandfather (Bhishma) (grandfather)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

From pitṛ (father) + maha (great/revered).

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with kuruvṛddhaḥ and pratāpavān).

सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - a lion's roar (lion's roar)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃhanāda

siṁhanāda - lion's roar

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (siṃha+nāda)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  From root nad (to roar, sound).
  Root: nad (class 1)

विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared (a lion's roar) (having roared, having sounded)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root nad (to roar) with prefix vi, suffix lyaP.

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb dadhmau.

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly (loudly, highly, upwards)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Modifies vinadya.

शङ्खम् (śaṅkham) - conch (shell) (conch, conch shell)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch, conch shell

दध्मौ (dadhmau) - blew (his conch) (blew, sounded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dhmā

Third person singular Perfect Active

Reduplicated past tense.

Root: dhmā (class 1)

Note: The subject is pitāmahaḥ.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - the glorious one (glorious, powerful, majestic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - glorious, powerful, majestic, possessing valor

Possessive adjective, from pratāpa + matuP suffix.